| 摘要: |
| 【背景与目的】水土资源匹配与否对国家粮食安全具有重要意义。已有研究成果大多关注耕地资源和水资源量之间的匹配,对水资源中不可利用和不能利用的部分以及耕地资源中的雨养农业考虑不足。【方法】为此本文着眼可供经济社会取用的水资源可利用量,通过计算单位灌溉耕地面积拥有的水资源可利用量、基尼系数和水土资源匹配相对系数,分析我国水土资源匹配总体状况、空间分布格局及2009－2019年的变化趋势。【结论】结果表明,2009-2019年我国灌溉耕地面积总体略有减少,但北方部分省区面积增加显著,灌溉耕地面积有向东北和西北转移的趋势。我国水土资源匹配总体状况为较不匹配,近十年特别是2016年以后有向严重不匹配状况发展的趋势。我国水土资源空间分布差异显著,当前有11个省区处于不匹配和极不匹配状态,主要分布在华北和西北地区,且近十年正在向北迁移扩展。【讨论】根据不同省区水土资源匹配特征,按照“以水定地”原则,通过合理发展后备耕地资源、节水、农业产业结构调整、科学调水等措施提高水土资源匹配状态。 |
| 关键词: 可利用水资源，灌溉耕地资源，基尼系数，水土资源匹配 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV213.4 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Analysis on spatial matching patterns of available water resources and irrigated arable land in China |
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CHANG Tong, LI Yunling
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General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design,Ministry of Water Resources of P. R. China,Beijing,100120
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Spatial matching of water resources and farm land is of great significance for national food security. Most researches payed attention to the match between water resources and cultivated land resources, and ignored the unavailable water amount in water resources and water-adapted agriculture development.【Method】Focusing on available water resources and irrigated farm land, this paper calculated available water resources for irrigated farm land per unit, Gini coefficient and relative coefficient of available water and irrigated farm land resources, and then analyzed overall mattering degree of water and farm land resources in China, spatial matching patterns and it`s changes in last ten years.【Results】The results indicated that the area of irrigated farm land decreased slightly in 2009-2019, but the area in several north provinces increased dramatically and showed a transfer to northeast and northwest parts of our country. The match of water and land resources in China is relative inequality, the matching status was going severe inequality in last ten years, especially after 2016. Water and land resources have significant difference spatially, eleven provinces are in mismatched and highly mismatched status, which distribute in north China region and northwest region, and migrated to the north in last ten years. 【Discussion】According to regions` matching features and the principle of arable resources development supported by water resources, matching status could be improved through development of cultivated land reserves, water saving, Agricultural Structure Adjustment and water diversion. |
| Key words: available water resources; irrigated farm land; Gini coefficient; match of water and land resources |
