| 引用本文: | 张婷婷,段玉,张君,等.阴山北麓向日葵需水规律及水氮耦合效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| zhangtingting,duanyu,zhangjun,et al.阴山北麓向日葵需水规律及水氮耦合效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】明确向日葵需水规律，提高水氮耦合效应，实现向日葵可持续发展。【方法】采用田间小区试验，设定 3个灌溉用量（雨养W0、补灌W1/675 m3/hm2和常规灌溉W2/1350 m3/hm2），3个施氮水平（不施氮肥N0、推荐施氮 N1/135kg/hm2、过量施氮N2/270kg/hm2），研究水氮耦合对向日葵产量、耗水量、水分利用效率、肥料利用效率、水氮耦合效应的影响。【结果】随着灌水量的增加向日葵的产量、耗水量和氮素利用效率也增加。N1处理产量最高与不施氮处理差异显著。随着施氮量增加向日葵耗水量也增加，灌溉量（W）和施氮量（N）与向日葵籽实产量（Y）之间可用二次多项式进行回归模拟，获得最高产量的灌溉量为177.1mm，施氮量为218.6kg/hm2，水氮交互是正效应。研究明确了阴山北麓向日葵雨养、补灌和常规灌溉的耗水量分别为：229.8、297.4和360.5mm，12叶~现蕾期（出苗后27~67天）是向日葵需水需肥关键时期；N0、N1和N2的耗水量分别为271.0、303.1和313.5mm。灌溉量对向日葵籽实粗脂肪含量影响较小，施氮量对向日葵籽实的粗脂肪含量有负效应，过量施氮不利于脂肪的积累。水分条件改善籽实的不饱和脂肪酸比例增加，优化施氮不饱和脂肪酸含量提高。【结论】研究明确了阴山北麓向日葵不同灌水和施氮条件下的阶段耗水量、耗水强度和耗水模数。12叶~现蕾期是向日葵需水需肥关键期，此时应保证水肥供应。随灌水量增加氮素利用效率也增加，优化施氮量的氮肥利用率显著高于过量施氮。优化施氮合理灌水可提高籽实产量，同时增加粗脂肪含量和不饱和脂肪酸的比例。 |
| 关键词: 向日葵；水氮耦合；产量；耗水规律；水分利用效率；氮肥利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S565.5 |
| 基金项目:内蒙古科技重大项目2020ZD0005；国家现代农业产业技术体系CARS-14 |
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| Study on Water demand and coupling effect of water and nitrogen on Sunflower in the north of Yinshan Mountain |
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zhangtingting1, duanyu1, zhangjun1, anhao1, liangjunmei1, fanxia2, 韩振勇2
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1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences;2.Hohhot Saihan District Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】To clarify the water requirement rule of sunflower, improve the coupling effect of water and nitrogen, and realize the sustainable development of sunflower.【Methods】A field plot experiment was conducted. Three irrigation rates (rain-fed W0, supplemental irrigation W1/675 m3/ hm2, normal irrigation W2/1350 m3/ hm2), three nitrogen levels (N0 no nitrogen, recommended N rate N1/135kg/ hm2, excess N application N2/270kg/hm2) were set. To study the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on yield, water consumption, water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and water-nitrogen coupling effect of sunflower.【Result】 Achene yield, water consumption and nitrogen use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The highest yield of N1 treatment was significantly different from that of no N treatment. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, sunflower water consumption also increased. The quadratic polynomial regression simulation was conducted between irrigation rate (W) and nitrogen application rate (N) and achene yield (Y). The highest yield was obtained with irrigation rate of 177.1mm and nitrogen application rate of 218.6kg/hm2, and the water-nitrogen coupling was a positive effect. The results showed that the water consumption of rain-fed, supplementary irrigation and normal irrigation of sunflower at the northern foot of Yinshan was 229.8, 297.4 and 360.5mm, respectively. The 12 leaves ~ bud stage (27~67 days after emergence) was the key period of water and fertilizer demand for sunflower. The water consumption of N0, N1 and N2 was 271.0, 303.1 and 313.5mm, respectively. Irrigation had little effect on crude lipid content in sunflower achene, nitrogen application had negative effect on crude lipid content in sunflower achene, and excessive nitrogen application was not beneficial to fat accumulation. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds increased with the improvement of water condition and the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the optimization of nitrogen application.【Conclusion】The water consumption, water intensity and water consumption modulus of sunflowers in different irrigation and nitrogen application conditions were studied. The 12-leaf budding period is the key period of water and fertilizer demand for sunflower, and the supply of water and fertilizer should be ensured. The N use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and the N use efficiency of optimal N application was significantly higher than that of excessive N application. The optimal nitrogen application and reasonable irrigation could increase the seed yield and increase the crude fat content and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid. |
| Key words: Sunflower; Water-nitrogen coupling; Yield; Water consumption; WUE; Nitrogen use efficiency |
