| 引用本文: | 王璐,刘浩,高福奎,等.不同种植模式和灌水定额对棉花生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| WANG Lu,LIU Hao,GAO Fukui,et al.不同种植模式和灌水定额对棉花生长和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同种植模式和灌水定额对棉花生长和产量的影响 |
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王璐,刘浩,高福奎,等
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1.塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院 新疆 阿拉尔 843300;2.塔里木大学现代农业工程重点实验室 阿拉尔 843300;3.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室 河南 新乡 453002;4.农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室 新疆 石河子 832000;5.新疆生产建设兵团第一师水文水资源管理中心 新疆 阿拉尔 843300
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】针对南疆地区现有机采棉种植模式存在含杂率较高的问题，为明确膜下滴灌机采棉适宜种植模式和相应最优灌水定额。【方法】本研究设置等行距（M1：1膜3行）、宽窄行（M2：1膜6行）2种植模式， 每种种植模式下设计了3种不同灌水定额（W1：30mm，W2：37.5mm，W3：45mm），分析了不同种植模式和灌水定额耦合对棉花生长、蕾铃分布、脱叶率、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】结果表明，种植模式显著影响棉花株高和茎粗，M1处理的株高和茎粗较M2处理分别提高了30.29%和13.45%；株高和茎粗随灌水定额的增大而增大，W2和W3处理的株高和茎粗差异较小，但显著高于W1处理。M1种植模式下更有利于棉花上部铃和内围铃的增加，且中上部铃随着水分的增加而增加，从而使得棉花的成铃数增加，提升棉花产量。M1处理下的单株成铃数、衣分和籽棉产量较宽窄行分别增加了65.72%、1.46%和3.33%，进一步使得皮棉产量增加了6.87%。产量随着灌水定额的增加而增加，但是水分利用效率差异不显著，产量表现为W3>W2>W1,其中W3和W2的产量无显著性影响。【结论】因此，推荐南疆地区机采棉采用等行距种植模式，灌水定额为37.5mm，可以促进棉花植株的生长，实现增产与增效的协同。 |
| 关键词: 关键词：种植模式；灌水定额；机采棉；蕾铃分布；产量；水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:国家棉花产业技术体系建设专项资金资助（CARS-15-13） |
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| Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Irrigation Quota on Cotton Growth and Yield |
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WANG Lu1,2,3, LIU Hao3, GAO Fukui3, NING Huifeng3, HAN Qisheng3, XU Xuewen4,2, WANG Xingpeng4,2,5, LI Xiaogang6
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1.College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University;2.Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;3.Institute of farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002,China;4.College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300,China;5.Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China;6.Hydrology and water resources management center of the first division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, Alaer 843300,China
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】 In order to solve the problem of high impurity rate in current machine-harvested cotton planting patterns and clarify the suitable planting pattern and corresponding optimal irrigation quota for drip irrigation under mulch in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 Treatments of two planting patterns(M1, three rows of cottons under one film with equal row spacing; M2, Six rows of cottons under one film with wide and narrow rows) and three irrigation quotas (W1, 30mm; W2, 37.5mm; W3, 45mm) were conducted to investigate the coupling effects of different planting patterns and irrigation quota on cotton growth, bud and boll distribution, defoliation rate, yield and water use efficiency.【Result】The results showed that planting pattern significantly affected the plant height and stem diameter of cotton. Compared to M2 treatment, the plant height and stem diameter of M1 treatment increased by 30.29% and 13.45%, respectively; the plant height and stem diameter increased with increasing of irrigation quota, and little differences was found between W2 and W3 treatments, but significantly higher than that of W1 treatment. M1 planting mode is more conducive to increase the number of upper and inner bolls, and number of middle and upper bolls increased with increasing of soil water content, thus improved the cotton yield. Compared to M2 treatment, the number of bolls per plant, lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield of M1 treatment increased by 65.72%, 1.46% , 3.33% and 6.87%, respectively. The seed cotton yield increased with increasing irrigation quota, but the differences of water use efficiency among treatments were not significant. The seed cotton yield was followed by W3>W2>W1, and no difference was found between W3 and W2 treatment.【Conclusion】Therefore, the equal row spacing planting mode under machine-harvested was recommended in southern Xinjiang, and the irrigation quota of 37.5mm was adopted to promote cotton growth and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and efficiency. |
| Key words: Key words: planting pattern; irrigation quota; machine-harvested cotton; bud and boll distribution; yield; water use efficiency |
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