| 引用本文: | 李建强,王鸢,陈晓冬,等.降水和施肥对稻田地表径流总氮流失量的耦合作用[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Jianqiang,WANG Yuan,CHEN Xiaodong,et al.降水和施肥对稻田地表径流总氮流失量的耦合作用[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示降水和施肥对稻田地表径流总氮（TN）流失量的耦合作用机制，为浙江水稻种植区面源污染削减提供更多的理论支撑。【方法】本研究采用田间试验，设置4种施肥方式（常规氮肥处理N18、减量氮肥处理N15、有机肥处理OF和不施肥CK），监测2019—2021年稻季地表径流量、地表径流TN浓度及对应气象数据，分析降水和施肥对稻田地表径流TN流失量的耦合作用。【结果】（1）2019—2021年降水量和对应地表径流TN流失量间呈现同步下降的趋势，然而线性回归分析表明日降水量与对应地表径流TN流失量未显著相关，考虑降水间隔时间后所获得的分段日平均降水量与地表径流TN流失量呈正相关（回归系数≥0.36）。（2）不同施肥处理对地表径流TN流失量的促进效应遵循N18处理>N15处理≥OF处理>CK的顺序。（3）结构方程模型分析表明，分段日平均降水量、降水间隔时间、施肥量、施肥种类和降水距施肥天数是影响地表径流TN流失量的重要因素，以上各因素的标准化总影响因子分别为0.264、-0.126、0.078、0.033和-0.038，该结果表明稻田降水比施肥对地表径流TN流失量的影响更强，且分段日平均降水量和降水间隔时间是影响地表径流TN流失量的关键降水参数。【结论】降水间隔时间的缩短相比于降水量的增加对稻田地表径流TN流失的促进效应更强，同时在雨季有机肥配施相比化肥施用能够有效减少地表径流中TN浓度从而削减稻田地表径流TN流失量。 |
| 关键词: 稻田;氮素流失;面源污染;施肥;降雨 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X522; X501; S511 |
| 基金项目:浙江省重点研发计划(2021C03025-01〔1〕)；国家自然科学基金(41671300) |
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| Coupling effects of rainfall- fertilization on surface runoff losses of nitrogen from paddy fields |
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LI Jianqiang1, WANG Yuan2, CHEN Xiaodong2, FEI Bingyan1, GUO Bin2, LIU Chen2, Li Hua2
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1.Pinghu Agriculture and Rural Bureau;2.Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the coupling effects of rainfall and fertilization on surface runoff losses of nitrogen from paddy fields to reduce nitrogen non-point source pollution in Zhejiang Province. 【Method】Four treatments were conducted in this study, which were conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N18), low nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N15), organic fertilizer treatment (OF) and no fertilizer treatment (CK), respectively. The volume of surface runoff, total nitrogen concentrations in surface runoff and corresponding meteorological data were detected from 2019 to 2021 to analyze the coupling effects of rainfall and fertilization on surface runoff losses of nitrogen from paddy fields by field trials. 【Result】(1) A synchronous trend between the annual rainfall and the annual nitrogen loss flux from 2019 to 2021 was shown. However, linear regression analysis showed that the interrelations of single rainfall and the nitrogen loss flux were not significant, while the partitioned daily average rainfall was positively correlated with nitrogen loss flux (regression coefficients≥0.36). (2) The positive effects of fertilization treatments on nitrogen runoff loss were in accord with a trend of N18>N15>OF>CK. (3) The structural equation model showed that partitioned daily rainfall, rainfall interval, the interval between rainfall and fertilization, fertilization amount, and fertilization type are important factors affecting nitrogen loss flux, of which the standardized total effects were 0.264, -0.126, 0.078, 0.033 and -0.038, respectively. The results showed that the effect of rainfall on nitrogen loss flux was greater than that of fertilization. Partitioned daily rainfall and rainfall interval were the key rainfall parameters affecting nitrogen loss. 【Conclusion】In the rice-wheat rotation area of Zhejiang Province, compared with the increase of single rainfall, the shortening of rainfall interval has a stronger promoting effect on nitrogen loss from paddy fields, while the application of organic fertilizer in the wet season can reduce nitrogen loss from rice fields. |
| Key words: paddy fields;nitrogen loss;non-point source pollution;fertilization;rainfall |
