| 引用本文: | 师晶晶,兰慧青,张向前,等.滴灌量对耐密宜机收玉米干物质积累分配规律及产量形成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| SHI Jingjing,LAN Huiqing,ZHANG Xiangqian,et al.滴灌量对耐密宜机收玉米干物质积累分配规律及产量形成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 滴灌量对耐密宜机收玉米干物质积累分配规律及产量形成的影响 |
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师晶晶1, 兰慧青1, 张向前2, 路战远2, 步恒通1, 白东星1, 程玉臣2, 杜香玉3, 王满秀1, 陈宣伊1
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1.内蒙古大学;2.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院;3.内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】探究增密种植条件下滴灌量对籽粒机收玉米干物质积累分配规律及产量形成的影响。【方法】以2018年在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院试验田开始的长期定位滴灌灌溉试验为基础，设置W1（415 m3/hm2）、W2（645 m3/hm2）、W3（945 m3/hm2）、W4（1 275 m3/hm2）、W5（1 605 m3/hm2）5个滴灌量，以自然雨养为对照（CK），定量分析籽粒机收玉米地上部干物质积累分配规律，构建Logistic模型拟合玉米干物质积累动态，探究不同滴灌水平下干物质积累分配规律及灌水量与产量的关系和差异性。【结果】灌水可显著提高玉米单株地上部干物质积累量，不同处理玉米干物质积累过程符合Logistic模型，拟合度R2均在0.888 0以上，2 a干物质积累量的最大增长速率均表现为随灌水量增加而增加，以CK最低，W5处理最高。2 a生物产量均以W5处理最高，收获指数分别以W4处理和W3处理最高，分别为0.51和0.50。与CK相比，灌水处理降低成熟期干物质在营养器官中的分配比例，但提高了籽粒干物质分配比例。随着灌水量增加，2020年经济产量呈先升高后降低趋势，W4处理最大为14 282.42 kg/hm2；2021年呈随灌水量增加而升高趋势，W4（15 480.33 kg/hm2）处理和W5（15 892.52 kg/hm2）处理显著高于其余处理。【结论】适宜的灌水量能够显著提高干物质积累速率，增加籽粒机收玉米地上部干物质积累量并促进干物质向籽粒分配，在年自然降水量364.2～390.7 mm范围的干旱年，种植密度为7.5×104 株/hm2的情况下，内蒙古中西部干旱、半干旱地区以每年1 275 m3/hm2的滴灌水量进行灌溉为最佳。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌量；籽粒机收玉米；Logistic方程；干物质分配和转运；玉米产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6；S513 |
| 基金项目:基金项目：内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”重点专项-创建鄂尔多斯国家可持续发展议程创新示范区项目（2021EEDSCXSFQZD011）；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目（2021GG0064）；内蒙古自治区人才引进项目（2020YJ007）；内蒙古自治区草原英才项目（CY2020016）。 |
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| The Influence of Drip Irrigation on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution Rule and Yield Formation of Maize with High Density and Suitable for Machine Harvesting Maize |
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SHI Jingjing1, LAN Huiqing1, ZHANG Xiangqian2, LU Zhanyuan2, BU Hengtong1, BAI Dongxing1, CHENG Yuchen2, DU Xiangyu3, WANG Manxiu1, CHEN Xuanyi1
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1.Inner Mongolia University;2.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences;3.Inner Mongolia Mengcao Ecology and Environment (Group) Company Limited
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】To explore the effects of different drip irrigation rates on the dry matter accumulation and distribution rules and yield formation of the grain machine harvest maize under the condition of high dense planting, and to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the water-saving irrigation system of maize in arid and semi-arid areas along the Yellow River basin in northwest China.【Methods】Based on the long-term positioned drip irrigation experiment in the experimental field of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences since 2018, six treatments including W1 (415 m3/hm2), W2 (645 m3/hm2), W3 (945 m3/hm2), W4 (1 275 m3/hm2), W5 (1 605 m3/hm2) and natural rain fed (CK) were set up to quantitatively analyze the accumulation and distribution of dry matter above ground of machine harvested maize in 2020 and 2021. Logistic model was constructed to fit the dynamics of dry matter accumulation in maize. And the dry matter accumulation and distribution rules, yield relationship and difference under different drip irrigation levels were explored.【Results】Irrigation could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation in the upper part of maize per plant. The dry matter accumulation process of maize under different treatments conformed to the Logistic model, and the fitting degree R2 was above 0.888 0. The maximum growth rate of dry matter accumulation amount in two years showed an increasing trend with the increase of irrigation water, the CK was the lowest, and the W5 treatment was the highest. The biological yield of W5 treatment was the highest in two years, and the harvest index of W4 and W3 treatment was the highest, 0.51 and 0.50, respectively. Compared with CK, irrigation treatment reduced the dry matter distribution proportion in vegetative organs at maturity, but increased the dry matter distribution proportion in grains. With the increase of irrigation water, the economic yield in 2020 will first increase and then decrease, reaching the maximum value in W4 treatment, 14 282.42 kg/hm2; in 2021, it increased with the increase of irrigation water, W4 (15 480.33 kg/hm2) treatment and W5 (15 892.52 kg/hm2) treatment are significantly higher than the other treatments.【Conclusion】The appropriate amount of irrigation can significantly increase the accumulation rate of the dry matter amount and the dry matter accumulation amount of aboveground part, and promote the distribution of dry matter to the grain of grain machine harvest maize. The drought year type with annual natural precipitation of 364.2～390.7 mm, under the planting density of 7.5 ×104 plants/hm2, the optimum drip irrigation amount is 1 275 m3/hm2 every year in the arid and semi-arid areas of the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia. |
| Key words: Drip irrigation volume, grain machine harvest maize, Logistic equation, dry matter allocation and transport, corn yield |
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