| 引用本文: | 魏飞,李永杰,孙琪玮,等.沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长及土壤质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| weifei,Li Yongjie,Sun Qiwei,et al.沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长及土壤质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长及土壤质量的影响 |
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魏飞1, 李永杰2, 孙琪玮2, 徐晓燕1, 王小波1
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1.天津农学院;2.天津农垦渤海农业集团有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水稻种植中沼液和化肥配合高效的施肥模式。【方法】通过连续2 a大田试验，以传统纯化肥施肥处理为对照（CK），设置了2种沼液用量（150、300 m3/hm2）、3种化肥用量（传统化肥用量的25%、50%、75%）、2种追肥次数（2次、3次），共计13个处理，研究不同沼液与化肥配施对水稻生长和土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】（1）2021年T7（300 m3/hm2沼液+25%化肥+3次追肥）的产量最高，达到了9.88 t/hm2，2022年T3（150 m3/hm2沼液+50%化肥+3次追肥）产量最高，达到了10.4 t/hm2，2 a中都是T2（150 m3/hm2沼液+25%化肥+2次追肥）处理产量最低，300 m3/hm2沼液配合50%、75%化肥（T9、T10、T11、T12）施肥量都降低了稻米的产量和食味值。（2）相同施肥处理中，3次追肥处理对水稻的增产效果好于2次追肥处理。（3）沼液的施用提高了7.1%~52.4%土壤有机质量，随着沼液和化肥用量的增加土壤碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量、磷酸酶活性、EC值提高，而对土壤pH值没有显著影响。各沼液处理中，150 m3/hm2+25%化肥（T1、T2）处理土壤的碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量、EC值都低于CK，而300 m3/hm2沼液+50%化肥（T9、T10）和300 m3/hm2沼液+75%化肥（T11、T12）处理土壤EC值、碱解氮量、有效磷量、速效钾量都显著高于CK。（4）2021—2022年150 m3/hm2沼液+75%化肥处理（T5、T6）、300 m3/hm2沼液用量处理（T7、T8、T9、T10、T11、T12）土壤磷酸酶活性都显著的高于CK，约提高了10.6%~42.4%。【结论】适量沼液和化肥配施可提高水稻产量，提高土壤养分和酶活性，而少量或过量施用沼液和化肥则降低了水稻产量，综合2 a的试验结果推荐150 m3/hm2沼液+50%~75%化肥+3次追肥为最佳沼液化肥配合施用模式。 |
| 关键词: 水稻；沼液；化肥；产量；土壤养分 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S511.6 |
| 基金项目:天津市科技计划项目(21ZYCGSN00090、22ZYCGSN00690)；天津现代农业技术体系创新(ITTPRS2021010) |
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| Effects of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on rice growth and soil quality |
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weifei1, Li Yongjie2, Sun Qiwei2, Xu Xiaoyan1, Wang Xiaobo1
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1.Tianjin Agricultural University;2.Group of Tianjin Bohai Farming Cultivate
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Explore and clarify the efficient fertilization model for combining biogas slurry and fertilizer in rice cultivation【Methods】Through a continuous field experiment for 2 years, using traditional pure chemical fertilizer treatment as a control (CK), two types of biogas slurry dosage (150 m3/hm2, 300 m3/hm2), three types of fertilizer dosage (25%, 50%, 75% of traditional fertilizer dosage), and two topdressing times (2, 3 times) were set up to explore the effects of different combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on rice growth and soil properties.【Results】(1)The yield of 300 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+25% fertilizer+3 times of topdressing (T7) treatment was the highest in 2021, reaching 9.88 t/hm2.The yield of 150 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+50% fertilizer+3 times of topdressing (T3) treatment was the highest in 2022, reaching 10.4 t/hm2. In both years, the yield of 150 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+25% fertilizer+2 times of topdressing (T2) treatment was the lowest. The treatments of 300 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+50% fertilizer (T9, T10) and 300 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+75% fertilizer(T11, T12) reduced the yield and taste value of rice.(2) In the same fertilization treatments, three times of topdressing had better effect on rice yield than two times. (3)The application of biogas slurry increased the soil organic matter contents by 7.1%~52.4%. With the increase of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer application, the soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, phosphatase activity and EC increased, but no significant impact was observed on the soil pH.The alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and EC of 150 m3/hm2+25% fertilizer (T1, T2) treatments soil were lower than CK. The EC value, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium contents of 300 m3/hm2+50% fertilizer and 300 m3/hm2+75% fertilizer treatments soil were significantly higher than CK. (4)In two years from 2021 to 2022, the soil phosphatase activities of 150 m3/hm2+75% fertilizer treatments (T5, T6) and 300 m3/hm2 biogas slurry treatments (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12) were significantly higher than CK, increased by 10.6%~42.4%. 【Conclusion】The test results showed that the appropriate amount of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer in rice cultivation could improve the rice yield, soil nutrient content and enzyme activity. But small or excessive application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer reduced the rice yield. Based on the two years' test results, it was recommended that 150 m3/hm2 biogas slurry+50%~75% fertilizer application+3 times of topdressing was the best application mode of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer. |
| Key words: Rice; Biogas slurry; Chemical fertilizer; Yield; Soil nutrient |
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