| 引用本文: | 丁大伟,陈金平,申孝军,等.商丘地区不同降水年型冬小麦-夏玉米需水量和缺水量分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| DING Dawei,CHEN Jinping,SHEN Xiaojun,et al.商丘地区不同降水年型冬小麦-夏玉米需水量和缺水量分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 商丘地区不同降水年型冬小麦-夏玉米需水量和缺水量分析 |
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丁大伟1,2,3, 陈金平1,2, 申孝军2,4, 宋妮1,2, 谢坤1,2, 任文1,2, 王景雷1,2
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1.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所，新乡 453002;2.河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/国家农业环境商丘观测实验站/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测商丘试验站，河南 商丘 476000;3.4.中国农业科学院研究生院，北京 100081;4.3.天津农学院，天津 300392
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同降水年型下冬小麦、夏玉米的作物需水规律及成因。【方法】基于1954—2019年商丘市气象数据、1999—2019年河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站作物生育期观测数据和2011—2018年大型蒸渗仪观测数据，采用描述性统计和Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法，探究作物需水量和缺水量变化趋势，并通过主导分析法探索气象因子对作物需水量的影响。【结果】1954—2019年，周年有效降水量呈上升趋势，冬小麦季、夏玉米季有效降水量上升速率为3.09、5.23 mm/10 a；仅丰水年下冬小麦季和周年有效降水量呈下降趋势。周年作物需水量呈极显著下降趋势（P<0.01），冬小麦季、夏玉米季作物需水量下降速率为6.72 mm/10 a（P<0.01）、18.47 mm/10 a（P<0.01）；不同降水年型下冬小麦季、夏玉米季和作物周年需水量均表现下降趋势。周年作物缺水量呈极显著下降趋势（P<0.01），冬小麦季、夏玉米季作物缺水量下降速率为9.81、23.70 mm/10 a（P<0.01）；仅丰水年冬小麦季缺水量呈上升趋势。在平水年和枯水年，日照时间是影响冬小麦需水量的首要因子，但在丰水年相对湿度为影响冬小麦需水量的首要因子；夏玉米需水量的主要影响因子为日照时间、平均风速和最高温度，在3种年型下日照时间均为首要因子，其次是平均风速和最高温度。【结论】在丰水年型下，商丘地区冬小麦应在拔节—抽穗期灌溉，夏玉米季不灌溉；在平水年型下，冬小麦季应在拔节—抽穗期灌溉，夏玉米抽雄期灌溉；在枯水年型下，冬小麦和夏玉米在播前灌溉的基础上，还需分别在拔节—抽穗期和拔节—抽雄期进行灌溉。 |
| 关键词: 作物需水量；冬小麦-夏玉米连作；降水年型；气象因子；主导分析法 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274 |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2023-18、Y2022LM29)；国家农业环境商丘观测实验站(NAES038AE05) |
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| Analysis of Crop Water Requirement and Crop Water Deficit of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize under Different Precipitation Years in Shangqiu |
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DING Dawei1,2,3, CHEN Jinping1,2, SHEN Xiaojun2,4, SONG Ni1,2, XIE Kun1,2, REN Wen1,2, WANG Jinglei1,2
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China;2. National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/ National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Shangqiu/ National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China;3.4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;4.3. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the crop water requirement of winter wheat and summer maize under different precipitation years and analyze the relationship between the change trend and meteorological factors, this study will provide support for improving agricultural water use efficiency and formulating a scientific irrigation schedule in wheat-maize double cropping areas.【Method】 Based on meteorological data from 1954 to 2019 in Shangqiu City, crop phenophase observations from 1999 to 2019 at National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu in Henan province, and evapotranspiration observations from 2011 to 2018 at a large-scale lysimeter. Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to explore the changing trend of crop water requirement and crop water deficit, and dominant analysis was used to clarify the influence of meteorological factors on crop water requirement.【Result】In the past 65 years, the annual effective precipitation had shown an increasing trend, rising by 3.09 mm·10a-1 and 5.23 mm·10a-1 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the effective precipitation had shown a falling trend in winter wheat seasons and annual under wet years. The annual crop water requirement had shown a highly significant falling trend (P<0.01), decreasing by 6.72 mm·10a-1 and 18.47 mm·10a-1 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the crop water requirement had shown a falling trend under different precipitation years. The annual crop water deficit has shown a highly significant falling trend (P<0.01), decreasing by 9.81 mm·10a-1 and 23.70 mm·10a-1 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the crop water deficit only showed a falling trend in winter wheat under wet years. In both normal and dry years, sunshine was the primary meteorological factor affecting the crop water requirement of winter wheat, but in wet years, humidity was the primary factor. The primary factors affecting the crop water requirement of summer maize were sunshine, wind speed, and high temperature. Sunshine was the primary factor under different precipitation years, and the sequence of wind speed and high temperature varies under different precipitation years. 【Conclusion】In wet years, winter wheat should be irrigated during jointing - heading period, while maize should not be irrigated during the season in Shangqiu. In normal years, irrigation should be irrigated during jointing - heading stage and once in tasseling stage. In dry years, in addition to irrigation before seeding, irrigation should be done in joint-heading stage and joint-tasseling stage for winter wheat and summer maize, respectively. |
| Key words: crop water requirement; winter wheat - summer maize continuous cropping; precipitation years; meteorological factors; dominant analysis; |
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