| 摘要: |
| [目的]探索宁夏银北灌区盐碱地玉米节灌控盐栽培技术模式，为干旱半干旱地区作物高效栽培和盐碱地农业可持续发展提供技术支撑。【方法】采用种植方式和灌溉水质相结合的方法，设置12个处理，包括半膜平播（HM）、垄覆白膜沟播（RWF）、垄覆白膜沟播+沟间覆秸秆（RWFM）、垄覆黑膜沟播（RBF）、垄覆黑膜沟播+沟间覆秸秆（RBFM）5种玉米种植方式和黄河水、低矿化度沟水、高矿化度沟水3种灌溉水质，通过田间试验研究不同种植方式和灌溉水质对土壤温度、盐分和玉米产量的影响。【结果】（1）与半膜平播相比，RWF玉米种植方式下，在拔节期，地表下5cm深度中午时段土温降低了3.04 ℃，在玉米抽雄期，地表下5cm深度中午时段土温降低了1.08 ℃；不同水质灌溉下，高矿化度沟水灌溉提高了5~25cm深度土壤温度。（2）“低矿化度沟水+垄覆白膜沟播”处理与黄河水灌溉下的控盐效果相当，与播种前相比，其他生育期不同种植方式下的0-60 cm土层土壤全盐含量均有不同程度增加，在玉米拔节期，0-20 cm土层增加幅度在18.4%~31.4%之间，RMF最低；在玉米抽雄期，0-20 cm土层和40-60 cm土层盐分增加幅度分别在10.6%~22.5%之间和8.9%~25.4%之间，均表现为RWF最低；不同灌溉水质下，在0-40 cm土层，土壤全盐含量表现为随着灌溉水矿化度的增加，土壤全盐含量呈增加趋势。（3）与HM相比，低矿化度水灌溉下，RWF的玉米籽粒产量不降低，高矿化度水灌溉下，沟播种植方式则会增加玉米籽粒产量。【结论】综上所述，在宁夏银北灌区，垄覆白膜沟播玉米种植方式可有效降低地表下5cm深度中午时段土壤温度，在高矿化度沟水灌溉下控制0-20 cm土层盐分增加，提高玉米籽粒产量。 |
| 关键词: 种植方式；灌溉水质；垄覆白膜沟播；土壤温度；土壤盐分；玉米籽粒产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S157.4 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(31960274),宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-11-03 ),宁夏自然科学(2021AAC03268),农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18) |
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| Effects of Planting Methods and Irrigation Water Quality on Soil Temperature, Salinity and Maize Yield in Yinbei Irrigation Area |
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FAN Li Qin
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The shortage of fresh water resources and soil salinization are two major factors restricting agricultural sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land in Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia. Rational utilization of brackish water resources and planting mode of rain collection are effective ways to solve the shortage of water resources and improve crop yield. 【Objective】Planting patterns of saving irrigation and controlling salt for maize was explorered in this paper, in order to provide a technical support for more effective planting patterns of crop and agricultural sustainable development of saline-alkali land.. [Method]the method of planting pattern combined with irrigation water quality was adopted. twelve treatments were set up, included five planting patterns for maize（half film mulching (HM), ridge-furrow planting with white film mulching over ridge only (RWF), ridge-furrow planting with white film mulching over ridge and maize straw mulching over furrow (RWFM), ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge only (RBF), ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge and corn straw mulching over furrow ( RBFM)）and three water quality for irrigation (yellow river, low-salinity water, high-salinity water).The effects of different treatments on soil temperature and soil salinity were studied. 【Result】(1) Compared with HM, at the jointing stage, RWF decreased the soil temperature at 5 cm depth below the surface by 3.04 ℃ at noon. Under different water quality for irrigation, the soil temperature of 5~ 25cm depth was increased with high-salinity irrigation. Compared with Rellow River water for irrigation, high-salinity water for irrigation increased soil temperature of 5 ~ 25cm depth. (2)“low-salinity water+RWF”treatment had the same salt-controlling effect as Yellow River irrigation. Compared with those before sowing, the total salt content in 0-60 cm soil layer increased in other growth stages for maize under different planting patterns. At jointing stage, the salinity of 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 18.4%~31.4%, and RMF was the lowest. At the tasseling stage, the salinity of 0-20 cm soil layer and 40-60 cm soil layer increased by 10.6% ~ 22.5% and 8.9% ~ 25.4%, respectively, showing the lowest RWF. The soil salinity in 0-40 cm soil layer showed an increasing trend with the increase of salinity of irrigation water.（3）Compared with HM, RWF didn’t decrease grain yield of maize under the irrigation with light-saline water, and ridge-furrow planting for maize increased grain yield under the irrigation with high-saline water. 【Conclusion】In Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia.,maize planting pattern of RWF can effectively reduce the soil temperature at 5 cm depth below the surface. Under high-salinity water irrigation, RWF can controll the salinity increment in 0-20 cm soil layer, and increase the grain yield of maize. |
| Key words: maize planting pattern; irrigation water quality; ridge-furrow planting with white film mulching over ridge only; soil temperature; soil salinity; grain yield of maize |
