| Cite this article: | 刘凯,侯振安,王方斌,等.优化行管配置和施氮量提高机采棉养分吸收及产量[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU Kai,Hou Zhen-an,WANG Fang-bin,et al.优化行管配置和施氮量提高机采棉养分吸收及产量[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| Optimize the Spacing Pattern and N Application Rate to Improve Nutrients Uptake and Yield of Mechanical Harvesting Cotton |
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LIU Kai, Hou Zhen-an, WANG Fang-bin, SUN Jia-lin, YIN Xing
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Department of Resources and Environmental Science,Shihezi University,Shihezi
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| Abstract: |
| [Background] Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi arid regions of China. The climate is dry and the effective precipitation is generally the lowest during the growing season of crops with abundant sunshine and large difference in temperature between day and night, it is currently the most dominant cotton growing region in China. With the improvement of cotton production level, the development of machine-picked cotton is an important way to significantly reduce the cost of cotton planting, improve labor productivity, and achieve large-scale operation of the cotton planting industry. Nitrogen, as an important nutrient element for cotton growth, plays an important role in cotton yield formation, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only reduces yield, but also causes a series of ecological and environmental problems. At present, Xinjiang's traditional cotton cultivation measures do not match the mechanical harvesting model. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer input in cotton production has become a major factor affecting the development of the cotton harvesting industry. [Objective] The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different spacing pattern and nitrogen (N) application rate on growth, N uptake and yield of mechanical harvesting cotton under drip irrigation conditions. [Methods] Four spacing pattern treatments were set as row spacing (66+10 cm)+ drip line placement (outside-row), row spacing (66+10 cm)+ drip line placement (inter-row), row spacing (72+4 cm)+ drip line placement (outside-row), and row spacing (76 cm) + drip line placement (outside-row), noted as S66, B66, S72, and S76, respectively. Nitrogen application levels were 0, 240, and 300 kg·hm-2 (noted as N0, N240, and N300, respectively). [Result] water and NO3-N of soil in S66 and B66 treatments were evenly distributed in 0-40 cm soil layers, especially soil NO3-N in the S66 treatment was mainly distributed near the root area. Compared with the S66-N300 treatment, treatments of S66-N240 and B66-N240 had no significant difference in dry matter weight and N uptake of cotton, while dry matter weight and N uptake in S72-N240 and S76-N240 treatments were significantly decreased. The P and K uptake of cotton in the B66-N240 treatment was significantly higher than those in other treatments. The yield and apparent N use efficiency of S66-N240 and B66-N240 treatments were significantly higher than those of S66-N300 treatments, especially S66-N240 treatment had the highest apparent N use efficiency, which increased by 28.7% compared with S66-N300 treatment. Yield and apparent N use efficiency of cotton in S72-N240 and S76-N240 treatments were significantly lower than those in the S66-N300 treatment. [Conclusion] Under the 66 + 10 cm row spacing pattern and Nitrogen application 240 kg·hm-2, optimum N application can significantly increase cotton yield. Drip line placed outside-row 10 cm is beneficial to N uptake and N use efficiency of cotton, while drip line placed inter-row increases P and K uptake of cotton. |
| Key words: mechanical harvesting cotton; spacing pattern; N application rate; yield; N use efficiency |
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