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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019190 |
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| Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture, Nutrient, Temperature Status and Corn Yield |
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MEI Siwei1, 2, 3，ZHU Hanzhen2, WANG Shu1*, YANG Xiwen3
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1 .College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; 2. Henan Vocational College of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 451450, China; 3. College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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| Abstract: |
| In China, a lot of straw is produced per year. But the vast majority cannot be used in a reasonable and efficient way. Burning straw is a waste of resources, which pollutes the environment, and causes direct damage to the soil ecosystem, such as decreasing the soil organic microbial levels, which can result in reduced crop yields. In recent years, the practice of returning crop straw to the field has been widespread in winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping system in China. This is mainly due to the increased use of machinery that leaves the crop straw on the land in response to a ban on straw burning made by the Chinese government.【Objective】Plastic film mulching can increase topsoil temperature and prolong the reproductive growth period, which in turn enhances grain yield. However, the increases in both soil water and temperature can change the soil biological characteristics and may negatively impact on soil quality and sustainability. It is known that the release of soil nutrients through decomposition of soil organic matter by microbes plays an important role in soil quality. Therefore, it is necessary to critically examine the effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil organic matter to assess the changes in soil quality. Soil available potassium content and effective phosphorus content play a crucial role in the soil quality and fertility because it significantly affects soil physical, chemical and biological properties, which can affect crop productivity and agro-ecosystems. Mulching technology can not only improve water use efficiency, regulate soil temperature, and play a role in water conservation and temperature regulation, but also improve soil physical properties, inhibit weeds, reduce the degree of soil salinization and improve the soil microbial environment, and reduce soil erosion to provide suitable water, fertilizer and heat conditions for crop growth, so as to improve crop yield. The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, fertilizer, temperature and maize yield were studied. 【Method】The soil moisture content, soil nutrients, soil temperature and corn yield were measured by using plastic film mulching, non-mulching and corn straw mulching. 【Result】 The results showed that straw mulching and plastic film mulching had better soil moisture preservation effect, both of which were better than non-mulching. The soil layer with more significant difference was the 0～60 cm layer. After the corn entered the mature period, the biggest moisture content in the 0~60 cm soil layer was with straw mulching, which exceed 8.23% and 22.41% averagely compared to those with plastic film mulching and non-mulching. Straw mulching can improve the nutrient content of shallow soil. The content of soil potassium and available phosphorus increased by 15.11% and 85.13% compared with non-mulching. Straw mulching can regulate soil temperature, and the soil temperature with corn straw mulching was higher in primary period of growth and lower in period of growing and mature period. The corn yield of plastic film mulching and corn straw mulching exceed 24.11% and 24.32% compared to that of non-mulching, and the economic yield exceed 23.72% and 24.18%.【Conclusion】 Corn straw mulching can improve soil nutrients and moisture, regulate soil temperature and increase corn yield. |
| Key words: straw mulching; soil moisture; soil nutrient; soil temperature; corn; yield |
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