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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020145 |
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| Nitrogen Loss from Surface Runoff and Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Field as Impacted by Different Fertilizers and Planting Methods |
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QIAO Yue, ZHU Jiangqiang*, WU Qixia*, XIE Chunjiao, LI Minghui, HUANG Siqing
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Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objectives】Nitrogen loss from agricultural soils is an environmental concern worldwide and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the types of nitrogen fertilizers and planting methods on reducing nitrogen loss from surface runoff and ammonia volatilization from paddy field.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field with the rice established either from machine transplanting (MTR) or direct drill (DSR). Added to these were four nitrogen fertilizations: conventional fertilization (FFP), slow-controlled fertilizer combined with urea (CRF) and seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer (HTN), with no nitrogen application as control (CK). In each treatment, we measured nitrogen loss from the surface runoff and ammonia volatilization.【Result】Nitrogen lost from surface runoff was dominated by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), with the loss from the drainage prior to the planting accounted for approximately 52% of the total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff. The impact of fertilizers on total nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF, the same as the loss rate and intensity of ammonia volatilization (AV) for both MTR and DSR. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN each in combination with MTR reduced the AV loss during the whole growth season by 12.5% and 4.3% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 43.1% and 17.8% respectively; when combining each with DSR, they reduced AV loss rate by 23.2% and 12.2% respectively, with their associated AV intensity reduced by 53.3% and 26.8% respectively. Compared with FFP, CRF and HTN increased the yield by 9.31% and 4.70%, respectively, for rice planted using MRT, and 9.25% and 4.91%, respectively, for rice planted using DSR.【Conclusion】 During the whole growth season, planting rice using DSR increased the AV flux, nitrogen loss rate and AV intensity than planting with MTR. The impact of fertilizers on nitrogen loss from the surface runoff was ranked in the order of FFP > HTN > CRF. When the amounts of all applied nutrients were the same, selecting an appropriate nitrogen fertilizer with a rational combination with basal fertilization and tillering-stage dressing can not only reduce nitrogen loss, but also improve nitrogen use efficiency and ultimate yield. |
| Key words: nitrogen loss; surface runoff; ammonia volatilization; machine-transplanting; direct drill |
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