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| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023050 |
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| Changes in Water Requirement and Water Deficit of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize with Precipitation in Shangqiu, Henan Province |
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DING Dawei, CHEN Jinping, SHEN Xiaojun, SONG Ni, XIE Kun, REN Wen, WANG Jinglei
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;
2. National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Shangqiu/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station,
Shangqiu 476000, China; 3. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Rotating winter wheat and summer maize is a common cultivation method in northern and central China. Their water consumption and the occurrence of water deficit vary with prediction. Taking Shangqiu in easter Henan province as an example, this paper investigates the relationship between them with meteorological factors.【Method】The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1954 to 2019, and crop index data measured from 1999 to 2019 at the National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu. The evapotranspiration used in the analysis was those measured from 2011 to 2018 from a large lysimeter. Statistics and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to analyze the changing in crop water requirement and water deficit; the dominant analysis was used to elucidate the influence of the meteorological factors on water requirement of the two crops.【Result】On average, the annual effective precipitation has been increasing over the past 65 years, at a rate of 3.09 mm/10a during the wheat growing season and 5.23 mm/10a during the maize growing season, despite that in wet years the effective precipitation during the wheat season declined. In contrast, the annual crop water requirement showed a decline (P<0.01), at a rate of 6.72 mm/10a for the winter wheat and 18.47 mm/10a for the maize, regardless of precipitations. The annual crop water deficit had also shown a falling trend (P<0.01), at a rate of 9.81 mm/10a for the winter wheat and 23.70 mm/10a for the maize, despite that it decreased for the winter wheat in wet years. In normal and dry years, sunshine was the primary meteorological factor affecting water requirement of the winter wheat, whine in wet years, humidity was the primary factor. The primary factors affecting water requirement of summer maize were sunshine, regardless of precipitation, despite that wind speed and high temperature also played a role.【Conclusion】Our analysis revealed that in wet years, winter wheat should be irrigated during jointing - heading stage, while maize can grow under rain-fed condition. In normal years, winter wheat needs irrigation at jointing - heading stage and maize needs irrigation at tasseling stage. In dry years, in addition to an irrigation before seeding, winter wheat needs irrigation at joint-heading stage and summer maize at joint-tasseling stage. |
| Key words: crop water requirement; winter wheat-summer maize continuous cropping; precipitation years; meteorological factors; dominant analysis |
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