| Cite this article: | 刘杰云,张文正,邱虎森,等.灌溉方式及生物质炭对冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU JIEYUN,ZHANG WENZHENG,QIU HUSEN,et al.灌溉方式及生物质炭对冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| Effects of irrigation methods and biochar amendment on winter wheat yield and irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency |
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LIU JIEYUN, ZHANG WENZHENG, QIU HUSEN, CAI JIUMAO, WANG XIAOSEN, LV MOUCHAO
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to relieve the stress of water resource waste and excessive groundwater exploitation, and achieve the aim of water conservation in North China Plain, the winter wheat irrigation should adopt water-saving irrigation mode. So, the suitability of different irrigation methods in winter wheat field should be evaluated in North China Plain. Biochar has the developed pore structure, and biochar amendment can improve soil water content and soil air condition, and in turn amendment can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. How biochar amendment influence wheat yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency with different irrigation method is not clear, which need a plenty of experiments to demonstrate.【Method】In this study, the effects of different irrigation methods and biochar addition rates on winter wheat yield and yield components, irrigation water use efficiency and apparent nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were researched in a winter wheat field with plot experiment method in October 2018 to June 2019. Four irrigation types which included flooding irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and micro-sprinkling irrigation were studied. In each irrigation method, three biochar application rates (0, 10 and 20 t·hm-2 biochar derived from peanut shell) were arranged. The treatments were set up randomly.【Result】The results showed that irrigation methods and biochar amendment did not obviously affect wheat stem height and root length. With 50% water saving, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and micro-sprinkling irrigation treatments reduced grain yields compared to flooding irrigation treatment, but the reductions were not significant (p>0.05). Drip irrigation reduced straw yield and increased winter wheat harvest index. Sprinkling irrigation reduced grain numbers per ear, and increased vacancy rate of winter wheat, which attributed to the flattening of wheat due to sprinkling irrigation. So, sprinkling irrigation is not suitable for winter wheat. Biochar amendment did not significantly affected the irrigation water use efficiency and apparent nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat in each irrigation method (p>0.05). Drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and micro-sprinkling irrigation treatments reduced apparent nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency compared to flooding irrigation treatment, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). In comparison with flooding irrigation treatment, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and micro-sprinkling irrigation treatments obviously increased irrigation water use efficiency by 42.79%, 39.09% and 47.71%, respectively (p<0.05). The irrigation water use efficiencies of biochar treatments under drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and micro-sprinkling irrigation were significantly higher than those under flooding irrigation (p<0.05). In this study, biochar amendment did not significantly affected wheat grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency and apparent nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in each irrigation method (p>0.05), which may be attributed to the low addition rate. So in future study, the biochar application rates should be increased.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and micro-sprinkling irrigation can save irrigation water about 50% without the reduction of wheat grain yield. Considering plant growth, grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency and so on, drip irrigation is the suitable irrigation method for winter wheat in North Chin Plain. |
| Key words: irrigation method; biochar; winter wheat yield; irrigation water use efficiency; apparent nitrogen use efficiency |
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