| 引用本文: | 朱玉朵,王薇,黄乾,等.滨海盐碱地暗管排水排盐条件下淋洗土壤水盐运移规律 的室内试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,():-. |
| zhuyuduo,wangwei,huangqian,et al.滨海盐碱地暗管排水排盐条件下淋洗土壤水盐运移规律 的室内试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2025,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 滨海盐渍土作物种植受盐分危害严重，制约了滨海地区的农业生产。【目的】为揭示暗管排水下土壤水分和盐分的运移规律及脱盐效果，【方法】取山东省东营市垦利区盐碱地项目区的土样，通过室内土槽淋洗试验，模拟暗管条件下冬灌淋洗过程，分析不同土壤深度的含水率、电导率、离子量，暗管排水水质、排盐量；土壤脱盐效果及盐分占比等。【结果】灌水初期，土壤渗水速率较快，3 h后湿润锋抵达20 cm土层处，随着水分向下运移，土壤盐分随水流向下迁移，且土壤渗水速率随土层深度增加而降低；停止灌水后，土壤上层水分继续下移填满地下水层后，地下水位上升至暗管底部1 cm处时暗管开始排水，排水持续61 h，总排盐量为1 022.69 g。排水结束后，0~60 cm土层离子量显著降低，土壤脱盐率为67.5%~97.3%，其中Na+、Cl-分别降低74.47%~98.69%、94.73%~99.28%；60~80 cm土层因盐分积累呈现负脱盐率（-67.81%）。盐分平衡分析表明，淋洗后0~60 cm土层脱盐量的去向主要为：地下水层（3 968.52 g，占比51.6%）>暗管排盐（1 022.69 g，占15.74%）>60~80 cm土层（811.62 g，占比10.5%）。水质监测显示饱和带土壤电导率（83.85~126.12 mS/cm）显著高于暗管排水（40.99~59.00 mS/cm），表明含水层中盐分滞留风险较高。【结论】暗管排水能有效调控地下水位并显著提升0~60 cm土层的脱盐效果，但60 cm以下土层中盐分存在积累效应。建议采用"上层控盐-中层导排-下层防返"的分层治理方案，通过深埋暗管及间歇淋洗等措施进一步优化深层脱盐效果。本研究为滨海盐碱地暗管排水工程设计及节水控盐措施提供了理论依据和数据支撑。 |
| 关键词: 土槽淋洗;暗管排水;水盐运移;脱盐率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2025098 |
| 分类号:S276.1 |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC00905) |
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| Indoor Experimental Study on the Leaching of Soil Water and Salt Transport Patterns and Desalination Effects under Subsurface Drainage in Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soils |
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zhuyuduo1, wangwei2, huangqian2, wangjinglong2, pangguibin1
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1.University of Jinan;2.Shandong Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Coastal saline-alkali soils cause significant salt damage to crops, severely restricting agricultural production in coastal areas. 【Objective】To reveal the patterns of soil water and salt transport and the desalination effect under subsurface drainage conditions, soil samples were taken from the saline-alkali land project area in Kenli District, Dongying City. A soil trough indoor experiment was used to simulate the winter irrigation leaching scenario under subsurface drainage conditions. The analysis focused on the soil water content, electrical conductivity, ion content at different soil depths, the quality of subsurface drainage water, salt discharge, soil desalination effect, and salt fraction. 【Result】The results showed that during the initial irrigation period, the soil infiltration rate was fast. As water moved downward, the salt in the soil migrated downward with the water flow, and the soil infiltration rate decreased with increasing soil depth. After irrigation stopped, the upper soil water continued to move downward to fill the groundwater aquifer, causing the groundwater level to rise. When the groundwater level was between the bottom and the axis of the subsurface drain, the drain began to discharge water. After the drainage ended, the ion content and soil salinity in the 0-60 cm layer showed a decreasing trend. The contents of Na+ and Cl- decreased by 74.47%-98.69% and 94.73%-99.28%, respectively. The soil desalination rate was 67.5%-97.3%, and the overall desalination rate of the 0-80 cm soil profile was 43.31%. The destination of desalination in the 0–60 cm soil layer: The mass of salt discharged through the subsurface drains is 1 022.69 g, the mass of salt in the 60–80 cm soil layer is 811.62 g, and the mass of salt in the groundwater aquifer is 3 968.52 g.【Conclusion】The results of this study can provide a reference for the utilization of subsurface drainage in coastal saline-alkali land. |
| Key words: Soil trough leaching; Subsurface drainage; Water and salt transport; Desalination rate |
