保水材料对河套灌区土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态变化的影响

赵春晓; 郑海春; 杨彦明; 红 梅; 郜翻身

引用本文:	赵春晓,郑海春,杨彦明,等.保水材料对河套灌区土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(2):.
	ZHAO Chunxiao,ZHENG Haichun,YANG Yanming,et al.保水材料对河套灌区土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(2):.

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保水材料对河套灌区土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态变化的影响
赵春晓，郑海春，杨彦明，红梅，郜翻身
内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010018；内蒙古土壤肥料和节水农业工作站，呼和浩特 010010

摘要:

为了研究内蒙古河套灌区农业化肥面源污染检测和治理措施，采用大田土壤淋溶试验，分析了河套灌区农田在保水材料处理下，玉米生育期内土壤硝态氮、铵态氮累积量及动态变化特征。结果表明，与CK相比，保水材料处理玉米苗期土壤NO3--N累积量平均提高20.49%，收获期平均降低13.98% ；苗期土壤NH4+-N累积量平均提高35.21%，收获期平均降低28.93%。保水材料有效地抑制了氮素的淋溶损失，提高了氮素利用率，同时保证了玉米生育后期有效氮的供应，避免短时间内氮素的大量累积，在一定程度上减少了化肥面源污染，为农业面源污染治理提供有力措施。

关键词: 保水材料；土壤残留；氮素利用率；养分淋溶损失

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Effect of Water Retaining Material on Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Dynamic Change in Hetao Irrigation Area

ZHAO Chunxiao, ZHENG Haichun, YANG Yanming, HONG Mei, GAO Fanshen

College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， Hohht 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Soil and Fertilizer Work station, Hohht 010010, China

Abstract:

To study non-point source pollution detection and control measures of Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia agricultural, chemical fertilizer field soil leaching tests were used and soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen dynamic change in the Hetao irrigation farmland under the water-retaining material processing were analyzed. The results showed that water-retaining material could effectively adsorb NO3--N and NH4+-N leaching amount in shallow soil and it could reduce nutrient leaching. So it had the protecting of fertilizer applied delay effect. Compared to CK, soil NO3--N accumulation amount of water-retaining material processing treatments increased by 20.49% in corn seedling period, but increased by 13.98% on average in the harvest period; Soil NH4+-N accumulation amount increased by 35.21% on average, but increased by 28.93% on average in the harvest period. Water-retaining material effectively inhibited nitrogen leaching losses and improved the utilization rate of nitrogen. At the same time, it could guarantee the effective nitrogen supply of following corn stage and avoid a large number of accumulations in a short time. So to a certain extent, water-retaining material reduces the fertilizer non-point source pollution and provides the effective measures for agricultural pollution control.

Key words: water saving materials; residue in soil; nitrogen utilization rate; nutrient leaching loss