残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展

邹小阳; 牛文全; 刘晶晶; 李  元; 张明智; 段晓辉

引用本文:	邹小阳,牛文全,刘晶晶,等.残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):.
	ZOU Xiaoyang,NIU Wenquan,LIU Jingjing,et al.残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):.

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残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展
邹小阳，牛文全，刘晶晶，李元，张明智，段晓辉
中科院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100；中国科学院大学，北京 100049；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100

摘要:

残膜作为一种持续性农业污染物，对农业生态系统的危害作用备受国内外学者关注，关于残膜对土壤性质和作物生长发育的不利影响已被很多研究证实。综述了残膜分布状况和残膜对土壤理化性质和生物性质、作物生理指标等方面的影响，具体概述了中国残膜的分布特征，残膜对土壤体积质量、孔隙度、土壤透气性、土壤重金属、酞酸酯类化合物质量分数、土壤酶活性和作物生长发育等方面的影响。为减弱残膜对土壤性质和作物的不利影响，今后应在以下几方面进行深入研究：不同类型作物的最佳揭膜期和地膜厚度；研发和推广新型残膜回收机械；残膜对农业生态系统的长期效应；残膜对不同土壤和区域的影响规律。

关键词: 残膜；土壤性质；作物；潜在风险

DOI：

分类号:

基金项目:

Potential Risks of Plastic Film Residuals on Soils and Crops: A Review

ZOU Xiaoyang, NIU Wenquan, LIU Jingjing, LI Yuan, ZHANG Mingzhi, DUAN Xiaohui

Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS&MWR, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F University，Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering， Northwest A＆F University，Yangling 712100, China

Abstract:

The residuals of plastic films used in producing foods could become a pollutant and their potential adverse impact on agroecological systems has attracted increased attention. Some studies have shown that these residuals have a detrimental effect on soil quality and crop yields. We review in this paper the distribution of plastic-film residuals in China, as well as their impact on soil quality, soil porosity, gaseous permeability of soil, heavy metals, content of phthalate esters, enzymatic activity and crop growth. To reduce the detrimental impact of plastic-film residualson soil quality and crop development, future research should focus on ①rational film-covering time and film thickness for different crops; ②developing and implementing improved film-removing technologies;③improving our understanding of the long-term effect of plastic-film residuals on agroecological systems; ④understanding the impact ofthe residuals on different soil types and textures across China.

Key words: residual plastic film; soil quality; crops; potential risk