| 引用本文: | 白雪原,红 梅,杨彦明,等.施肥对河套灌区土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):. |
| BAI Xueyuan,HONG Mei,YANG Yanming,et al.施肥对河套灌区土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):. |
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| 摘要: |
| 以河套灌区草甸碱化土为研究对象，设缓控肥（HK）、颗粒有机肥（F）、微生物菌肥（W）和农民习惯施肥（CK）4个处理，于2015年5—10月，利用静态箱-气相色谱法监测玉米整个生育期土壤CO2和N2O的排放量，并对玉米季农田温室气体排放量和产生的综合温室效应进行测算，研究了农田表层土壤温室气体的排放量和增温潜势。结果表明，①各处理N2O的排放峰值均出现在施肥10 d后。玉米整个生育期HK处理的单位时间排放量最少（0.25 mg/(m2?h)），F处理的排放量最多（0.67 mg/(m2?h)），F处理N2O累计排放量比CK高出62.40%；CK分别比W、HK处理N2O排放量高出19.71%、54.26%。②各处理间CO2排放差异显著（P＜0.05）。玉米整个生育期，W处理累积排放量最少（14 639.26 kg/hm2），F处理的排放量最多（18 603.4 kg/hm2），CK比W处理CO2排放量高16.75%。③各施肥处理综合增温效应表现为HK处理＜W处理＜CK＜F处理。HK处理温室气体排放强度（GHGI）值最低，比CK低96%，同时保持了较高的产量水平；F处理氮肥量最大，且有较高的GHGI值，达到CK的1.70倍，同时产量较CK无显著变化；W处理氮肥量次之，且GHGI值较高，可产量较低。大量施用颗粒有机肥（F）会产生较多的温室气体，同时也会导致较强的温室效应。缓控肥（HK）处理氮肥量最小，作物产量增加，GHGI值最低，对农田温室气体减排具有较好的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 施肥； CO2； N2O； 排放强度 |
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| Fertilization Affects the Emission of CO2 and N2O in Hetao Irrigation Area |
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BAI Xueyuan, HONG Mei, YANG Yanming, GAO Fanshen, HUO Lixia, ZHANG Jianqiang
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Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; Inner Mongolia Soil and Fertilizer Station, Hohhot 010011, China; HangJinHouBanner, Agricultural Centers, Bayan Nur 015400, China
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| Abstract: |
| Impact of fertilization on greenhouse emission in Hetao Irrigation District was investigated in this paper. Four treatments were examined: slowly controlled releasing fertilizers (HK), organic fertilizer (F), microbial fertilizer (W) and business as usual (CK) from May to October in 2015. The emission of CO2 and N2O from a maize field was measured using static chamber gas chromatography to investigate the potential greenhouse gas emissions and temperature change at soil surface. The result revealed that ①N2O emission peaked in all treatments 10 days after applying N fertilizer. HK had the lowest while F had the highest emission rate during the whole growing season. N2O emission from F treatment was 62.40% higher than that from CK, whereas the N2O emission from CK was 19.71% and 54.26% higher than that from W and HK treatments respectively.②There were a significant difference in CO2 emission between the treatments, with W having the lowest emission and F the highest. CO2 emission from the CK was 16.75% higher than that from W. ③The increase in soil-surface temperature under different treatments was in the order of HK＜W＜CK＜F. We also found that the yields under HK and F treatments were comparable to that in the CK, but the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in the HK and F was 96% and 170% of that in the CK respectively. GHGI in W treatment was high, but its yield was low compared with those in the CK. Applying organic fertilizers increased the emission of greenhouse gases. Our results showed that HK gave a high yield and low GHGI, and is efficient in promoting food production without increasing greenhouse gas emission. |
| Key words: fertilization; CO2; N2O; emission intensity |
