| 摘要: |
| 为了明确覆盖不同厚度地膜对土壤物理性状及玉米生长发育的影响，采用大田定位试验的方法，在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区进行了连续3 a的试验研究。结果表明，0～40 cm土层，随着地膜厚度增大，土壤紧实度和土壤体积质量呈降低趋势。0.006、0.010、0.012 mm厚度地膜覆盖条件下土壤体积质量比CK(0.008 mm厚)降低-0.76%、1.25%、2.43%。在苗期和拔节期，地膜厚度为0.006 mm时，玉米节根数、根干质量、地上部干质量、株高及叶面积显著小于CK。地膜厚度为0.010和0.012 mm时，随地膜厚度增加，玉米节根数、根干质量、地上部干质量、株高及叶面积均呈增大趋势，但与CK差异不显著。随玉米生育进程的推进，地膜厚度对玉米株高及叶面积影响减小，但对地上部干质量的影响仍显著。地膜厚度在0.006～0.012 mm范围内，随地膜厚度增加，3 a平均产量呈增加趋势。0.006 mm厚度覆膜条件下平均产量比CK显著降低，降低幅度为7.48%，0.010、0.012 mm厚度覆膜条件下产量比CK增产，增产幅度仅为1.18%、3.26%，产量差异不明显。综合考虑土壤物理性状、玉米生长发育及产量等因素，建议在农业生产中推广使用厚度0.008 mm以上的地膜。 |
| 关键词: 地膜； 多年覆盖； 土壤； 产量； 玉米 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.12.007 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| The Effects of Continuous Mulching with Plastic Films of Different Thicknesses on Soil Physical Properties and Growth of Maize |
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TANG Wenxue, MA Zhongming, WEI Tao
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Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| A three-year field experiment was conducted at Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area, Gansu Province in attempts to understand how different thicknesses of mulch films could affect soil physical properties and consequently maize yields. The results showed that in 0~40 cm, both soil compactness and bulk density decreased with the increase in the film thickness. Compared with control (CK, with film thickness of 0.008 mm), the soil bulk density under mulch with film thickness of 0.006 mm, 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm reduced by -0.76%, 1.25% and 2.43%, respectively. In the seedling and jointing stage, when the film thickness was less than 0.008 mm, the section of maize root number, root dry weight, above-ground dry weight, plant height and leaf area were significantly smaller than those under CK. When the film thickness was more than 0.008 mm, with the increase in the film thickness, the section of maize root number, root dry weight, above-ground dry weight, plant height and leaf area showed an increase, but were not significantly different from those under the CK. While, as the maize grew, the effect of the film thickness on plant height and leaf area reduced, the impact on aboveground dry wright was still significant. The results also showed that the maize yield increased with the increase in the film thickness when the film thickness was from 0.006 mm to 0.012 mm over the three-year period. Compared to CK, the average annual yield mulched with 0.006 mm film reduced by 7.48%, while for mulches with 0.010 mm and 0.012 mm films, the average annual yield increased by 1.18% and 3.26% respectively. Based on the results for soil properties and maize growth, the recommended plastic film thickness for mulching in this region is more than 0.008 mm. |
| Key words: mulch film; consecutive years covered; soil physical characteristics; yield; maize |
