| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探寻适合陕北山地梨枣节水高产的滴管制度。【方法】采用田间试验，研究了2009—2012年5种滴灌制度对梨枣生长、产量及水分利用的影响。T1处理灌水定额为100 m3/hm2，灌水4次；T2处理灌水定额为135 m3/hm2，灌水4次；T3处理灌水定额为180 m3/hm2，灌水4次；T4处理灌水定额为135 m3/hm2，灌水3次；T5处理灌水定额为135 m3/hm2，灌水2次； 以无灌溉为对照（CK）。【结果】不同滴灌制度下，梨枣的枣吊长度、坐果率及产量均与CK差异显著（P<0.05）。4 a中，T3处理的枣吊长度、坐果率及产量均显著高于CK，且在2012年枣吊长度和产量达到22.0 cm和16 772.8 kg/hm2，分别较CK提高了47.7%和13.2%。同时，各灌溉处理的耗水量随灌水量的增大而增大。不同年份均以T3处理的耗水量最高，与其他处理差异显著（P<0.05）。而梨枣水分利用效率表现为低灌水定额处理优于高灌水定额处理，以T5处理的水分利用效率最优，为1.92 kg/m3。【结论】结合陕北水资源缺乏的状况，在丰水年适合采用经济高效型的灌溉制度，即灌水定额为135 m3/hm2，灌水时间为4月20日和5月17日，共灌水2次。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌； 梨枣； 产量； 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Systems on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Pear-jujube in the Loess Plateau |
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YE Shenglan, LIU Tiancheng
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Institute of Land Engineering & Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Co. Ltd, Xi’an 710075, China; Institute of Survey Planning & Design, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Co. Ltd, Xi’an 710075, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Explore the suitable drip irrigation system for the water saving and high yield of Lizao in the mountain of northern Shaanxi. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of five drip irrigation regimes on the growth and water use of jujube. The irrigation quota of T1 treatment was 100 m3/hm2 and irrigated 4 times. The irrigation quota of T2 treatment was 135 m3/hm2 and irrigated 4 times. The irrigation quota of T3 treatment was 180 m3/hm2 and irrigated 4 times. The irrigation quota of T4 treatment was 100 m3/hm2 and irrigated 3 times. The irrigation quota of T5 treatment was 180 m3/hm2 and irrigated 2 times, and with no irrigation as the control(CK). 【Result】 The results showed that compared with the CK, the bearing branch, fruit set and yield of different drip irrigation system were significantly different (P<0.05). In four years, the jujube hanging length, fruit set and yield of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. Hanging length and yield of T3 treatment reached 22.0 cm and 16 772.8 m3/hm2 in 2012, which were increased by 47.7% and 13.2% respectively, compared to CK. At the same time, the water consumption of different irrigation treatment increased along with the increase of irrigation amount. The water consumption of T3 treatment was the highest in different years. The water use efficiency of pear-jujube of low irrigation quota was better than that of the high irrigation quota. Water use efficiency of T5 treatment was the best, which was 1.92 m3/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Considering the lack of water resources in northern Shaanxi, an economic and efficient irrigation system is recommended in years with high annual precipitation, of which the optimal irrigation quota is 135 m3/hm2, irrigation time is from April 20 to May 17 with twice drip irrigation totally. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; pear-jujube; yield; water use efficiency |
