| 引用本文: | 刘馨井雨,王修贵,田 英,等.基于湿地和生态沟处理的稻田排水水质模拟[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(2):101-107. |
| LIU Xinjingyu,WANG Xiugui,TIAN Ying,et al.基于湿地和生态沟处理的稻田排水水质模拟[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(2):101-107. |
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| 摘要: |
| 由于化肥、农药的过量施用，加之传统的淹灌稻田排水量大，导致随稻田排水流失的污染物量大，加剧了农田面源污染，因此，在农田排水的设计中不仅要控制涝渍危害，也要控制排水中的水质。【目的】减轻农田排水对下游及承泄区造成的污染。【方法】以湖北省襄阳老河口市仙人渡镇的新增粮食生产能力项目区为对象，以生态排水沟和人工湿地作为稻田排水水质处理的手段，以总氮作为排水水质控制指标，建立了生态排水沟和人工湿地的水质模拟模型，选定不同的生态沟和人工湿地的组合方案进行了水质模拟。【结果】采用生态沟和人工湿地共同作用的排水系统在满足传统除涝排渍要求的条件下，可以有效地削减稻田排水中的总氮；人工湿地布置在干沟出口时的水质净化效果最好。采用“等效替代法”计算了生态沟和现有湿地、新建人工湿地对水质净化效果的等效性，结果表明，就处理水质的效果而言，当水平投影面积相同时，干沟出口的湿地效果最好，其次是与排水沟相连的现有湿地，最后是排水沟，三者的面积等效比为1∶8.4∶938.5；优选方案中生态沟、现有湿地和新建人工湿地对水质净化的贡献率分别为2.9%、30.3%和66.8%。生态排水沟的纵坡、糙率在设计范围内（坡度在1/2 000~1/5 000之间、糙率在0.025~0.04之间）变化时，对于水质处理效果几乎没有影响。【结论】考虑单一净化水质的目标时，将现有湿地改造为耕地，同时在排水系统出口处新建人工湿地更节约土地。 |
| 关键词: 人工湿地； 生态沟； 水质净化； 稻田； 农田排水； 面源污染 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0239 |
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| Water Quality Modeling for Wetland and Ecological Ditch to Treat Drainage Water from Paddy Fields |
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LIU Xinjingyu, WANG Xiugui, TIAN Ying, HAN Xudong, LI Zongli, WANG Tanghai
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State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100744, China;Xiangyang Water Resources Planning and Design Institute, Xiangyang 441021,China
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| Abstract: |
| Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) is becoming increasingly serious because of large amount of drainage water discharged from farmland, especially from paddy fields for its flooding irrigation and the application of excessive fertilizer. 【Objective】 Reduce the pollution of paddy field drainage. 【Method】 The ecological ditch and constructed wetland were taken as an approach to treat the drainage water from the paddy field, and a pilot area in Xianrendu Town, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province was chosen as the research subject. Water quality models of ecological ditch and wetland were developed and the drainage water qualities were simulated for different scenarios. 【Result】 ①Combination of ecological ditch and constructed wetland was an effective approach to treat drainage water quality and field water logging; ② The best location was to set the constructed wetland at the drainage system outlet for the purification of drainage water; ③ According to the water purification effect of per unit area in the horizontal, the constructed wetland in the main drainage channel outlet was the best one, followed by the wetlands in lands conneted to drainaige channel, and the dainage channel was the least one, and their equivalent area ration was 1∶8.4∶938.5; ④ In suggested scenario Ⅲ, the purification of drainage water contribution rate of ecological ditches, natural wetland and constructed wetland were 2.9%, 30.3% and 66.8%, respectively. The sensitive analysis of ecological ditche parameters showed that, there was almost no effect on water purification when the longitude slope varied from 1/2 000 to 1/5 000 and roughness varied from 0.025 to 0.04 of the ecological ditches. 【Conclusion】 As far as total nitrogen concentration is concerned, it is more land-saving to replace natural wetland with farmland, and bulid constructed wetland at the drainage system outlet. |
| Key words: constructed wetland; ecological ditches; water purification; paddy drainage; control of non-point source pollution |
