不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响

丁艳宏; 屈忠义; 李昌见; 孙贯芳; 张栋良; 冯志弘

引用本文:	丁艳宏,屈忠义,李昌见,等.不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):1-7.
	DING Yanhong,QU Zhongyi,LI Changjian,et al.不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):1-7.

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不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响
丁艳宏，屈忠义，李昌见，孙贯芳，张栋良，冯志弘
1. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，呼和浩特 010018； 2.中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院，北京 100083； 3. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，武汉 430072； 4.内蒙古乌拉特前旗水务局，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000

摘要:

【目的】探求河套灌区不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的定量影响。【方法】试验设置地下水畦灌（J）、黄河水畦灌（H）和地下水滴灌（D）2种灌溉水源及3种灌溉方式，对比分析了不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】滴灌能显著促进玉米对氮肥的利用效率以及玉米生长，增加玉米籽粒产量。滴灌处理玉米产量较黄河水畦灌、地下水畦灌分别提高8%~15%和10%~15%（P＜0.05）；滴灌处理作物水分利用效率较黄河水畦灌、地下水畦灌分别提高36.7%~57.6%和44.4%~66.7%，黄河水畦灌较地下水畦灌分别提高5.6%、17.3%（P＜0.05）；滴灌处理氮肥偏生产力较黄河水畦灌和地下水畦灌提高117%~131%、120%~131%（P＜0.05）。【结论】膜下滴灌可以明显提高玉米水分利用效率，促进植株生长和产量增加，是目前适宜于河套灌区玉米灌溉的节水方式之一。

关键词: 灌区；灌溉方式；玉米；水肥利用效率

DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0727

分类号:

基金项目:

Effects of Different Water Sources and Irrigation Methods on Growth and Water-fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize

DING Yanhong, QU Zhongyi, LI Changjian, SUN Guanfang, ZHANG Dongliang, FEN Zhihong

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， Hohhot 010018， China;2. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100083， China;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;4. Institute of Water in Wulateqianqi Inner Mongolia, Bayannur 015000, China

Abstract:

【Objective】 Water quality and irrigation methods affect plant growth, and the purpose of this paper is, by taking Hetao Irrigation District as an example, to examine water-fertilizer use efficiency as well as the growth of maize irrigated with different methods and waters.【Method】 We investigated two waters: groundwater and surface water diched from the Yellow River. The experiments included groundwater furrow irrigation (J), surface water furrow irrigation (H), and groundwater drip irrigation (D). During the experiments, we measured water and fertilizer use efficiency and the growth of the maize. 【Result】 Drip irrigation significantly improved fertilizer use efficiency and the yield of the maize. Compared with J and H, drip irrigation increased the corn yield by 8%~15% and 10%~15% (P＜0.05), and the water use efficiency by 36.7%~57.6% and 44.4%~66.7% (P＜0.05) respectively. The water use efficiency of J and H was essentially the same. The partial productivity of the nitrogen fertilizer under drip irrigation increased by 117%~131% and 120%~131% (P＜0.05) respectively compared to that under J and H. 【Conclusion】 Drip irrigation can improve water use efficiency, thereby the growth and yield of maize, and is thus the most efficient method for maize irrigation in this region.

Key words: irrigation area; irrigation methods; maize; water and fertilizer use efficiency