分蘖期稻田不同水深对暴雨后地表水氮磷变化的影响

王姣; 俞双恩; 王梅; 张逸迪; 高世凯

引用本文:	王姣,俞双恩,王梅,等.分蘖期稻田不同水深对暴雨后地表水氮磷变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):71-75+82.
	WANG Jiao,YU Shuang’en,WANG Mei,et al.分蘖期稻田不同水深对暴雨后地表水氮磷变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):71-75+82.

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分蘖期稻田不同水深对暴雨后地表水氮磷变化的影响
王姣，俞双恩，王梅，张逸迪，高世凯
1.河海大学水利水电学院，南京 210098；2. 河海大学南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室，南京 210098

摘要:

水稻分蘖期，田间密闭度低、田面自然生物膜尚未形成，暴雨击溅容易引起稻田地表水浑浊而增加土壤氮磷向地表水的释放，田面水层可以缓冲雨滴对土壤的击溅。【目的】研究不同田面水深对暴雨后地表水氮磷变化的影响。【方法】设计3组雨前不同蓄水深度（浅水层、中水层、深水层）的测坑试验，观测了暴雨后地表水氮磷质量浓度及其负荷增加量的变化。【结果】暴雨后，不同处理地表水氮磷质量浓度均有大幅度提高，其中浅水层氮磷质量浓度增加最大，中水层次之，深水层最小，之后几天会有所减少；不同处理雨后第1天氮磷负荷增加量亦表现为浅水层>中水层>深水层。【结论】要降低面源污染，就应尽量避免雨后立即排水，若确需要排水，应等质量浓度稳定之后即4 d左右再进行排水。

关键词: 暴雨；蓄水深度；氮磷负荷；水稻

DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0552

分类号:

基金项目:

Effect of Water Depth over Paddy Field on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Water After Storms at Tillering Stage

WANG Jiao， YU Shuang’en, WANG Mei， ZHANG Yidi， GAO Shikai

1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil-water Environment in Southern China Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Abstract:

【Objective】Canopy density at tillering stage is low and the biofilm crust has yet formed. Rainstorm splash at this stage could therefore break the fragile soil crust resulting in soil erosion, and nitrogen and phosphorus loss from the paddy field. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of water depth over paddy field on this process. 【Method】 The experiments measured the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the surface water following rainstorms under three pre-storm water depths: shallow, moderate and deep. 【Result】 After a rainstorm, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in all treatments increased steadily, especially when initial water depth was relatively shallow. Few days after the storm, the concentrations attenuated. The loads of nitrogen and phosphorus one day after a storm under different treatments were ranked in shallow>moderate>deep. 【Conclusion】 To abate non-point source pollution, drainage immediately after a rainstorm should be avoided. If drainage is indeed necessary, it should wait for at least four days until the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous in the surface water declined to steady state.

Key words: Rainstorm; water depth; nitrogen and phosphorus load; rice