| 引用本文: | 秦俊梅,熊华烨,李兆君.施用含四环素类抗生素鸡粪对玉米生长的影响及其残留特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):22-28. |
| QIN Junmei,XIONG Huaye,LI Zhaojun.施用含四环素类抗生素鸡粪对玉米生长的影响及其残留特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):22-28. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解鸡粪中四环素类抗生素（四环素、土霉素和金霉素）对玉米生长发育的影响以及玉米不同部位对抗生素吸收的累积效应。【方法】以2种鸡粪为研究对象进行了玉米盆栽试验，鸡粪Ⅰ为饲料中不添加兽药四环素、土霉素和金霉素排出的鸡粪，鸡粪Ⅱ为鸡饲料中人为混合加入兽用四环素、土霉素和金霉素排出的鸡粪，设置3种鸡粪添加量，共计7个处理，其中，CK为对照即不施鸡粪，T1处理为添加鸡粪Ⅰ6.4 g/kg，T2处理为添加鸡粪Ⅱ6.4 g/kg，T3处理为添加鸡粪Ⅰ12.8 g/kg，T4处理为添加鸡粪Ⅱ12.8 g/kg，T5处理为添加鸡粪Ⅰ25.6 g/kg，T6处理添加鸡粪Ⅱ25.6 g/kg。【结果】①T2、T4、T6处理的玉米株高、根长、生物量和CCI分别比T1、T3、T5处理低，且T4与T3处理、T6与T5处理差异显著（P<0.05）；②玉米根、茎、叶和籽粒各部位残留了四环素，玉米根、茎和叶残留了土霉素，未迁移至籽粒中；玉米茎、叶和籽粒残留了金霉素，未在根部残留；玉米植株不同部位对四环素、金霉素的残留量的大小顺序均为：籽粒＜茎＜叶，而玉米对土霉素吸收在添加鸡粪Ⅰ处理中表现为：叶＞茎＞根，在添加鸡粪Ⅱ的处理中则为：叶＞根＞茎；③玉米吸收抗生素的总量表现为：四环素＞金霉素＞土霉素；④玉米植株对金霉素的转运系数大于相同条件下土霉素和四环素；⑤土壤抗生素的残留特征总趋势为四环素＞土霉素＞金霉素。【结论】同一鸡粪添加量，抗生素质量分数不同时，抗生素对玉米生长具有抑制作用，而随着鸡粪量的增加，不仅能减少抗生素对玉米生长的抑制作用，而且还会使玉米器官中四环素、金霉素的残留率减弱。 |
| 关键词: 抗生素； 鸡粪； 玉米； 残留特征 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0524 |
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| Decay of Tetracycline Antibiotics and the Growth of Maize in Soil Amended with Chicken Manure |
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QIN Junmei, XIONG Huaye, LI Zhaojun
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（1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;2. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China）
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Livestock manure contains antibiotics and its application to soil could affect plant growth and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study how soil amended with chicken manure containing tetracyclines (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline) antibiotics impacts growth of maize and the decomposition of the antibiotics in soil. 【Method】 Pot experiments grown with maize were carried out with the soil amended with two types of chicken manure: one was manure excrement of chicken without being fed tetracycline (I), oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, and the other one is manure of chicken fed with these antibiotics (II). The experiment consisted of seven treatments:①control (CK); ②adding 6.4 g/kg of chicken manures I; ③adding 6.4 g/kg of chicken manures II; ④adding 12.8 g/kg of chicken manures I; ⑤adding 12.8 g/kg of chicken manures II; ⑥adding 25.6 g/kg of chicken manures I; ⑦adding 25.6 g/kg of chicken manures II. 【Result】 The plant height, root length, biomass and CCI under Treatments 2, 4 and 6 were higher than those under Treatments 1, 3 and 5. The differences between the Treatments 4 and 3, the Treatments 6 and 5 were significant (p<0.05). The residuals of tetracycline and doxycycline were found in root, stem, leaf; and tetracycline was also found in the grain. We also detected aureomycin in stem, leaves and seeds. The concentration of tetracycline and aureomycin found in different tissues of the plant was ranked in grainstem>root. The antibiotics taken up by plants was ranked in tetracycline>aureomycin>oxytetracycline based on their mass found in the plant. The transfer coefficient of aureomycin in the canopy was higher than that of doxycycline and tetracycline. The residual of the antibiotics remained in soil after the experiment was tetracycline>oxytetracycline＞aureomycin. 【Conclusion】 The antibiotics in chicken manure could imped the growth of the maize compared with the manure that did not contain antibiotics under the same conditions. However, increasing the chicken manure application not only reduced the inhibition of the maize growth, but also decreased the residuals of tetracycline and aureomycin in different organs of the maize. |
| Key words: tetracycline antibiotics; chicken manure; maize; residuals of antibiotics in soil |
