| 引用本文: | 李哲,屈忠义,任中生,等.河套灌区滴灌施肥对土壤氨挥发及玉米氮肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(11):37-42+49. |
| LI Zhe,QU Zhongyi,REN Zhongsheng,et al.河套灌区滴灌施肥对土壤氨挥发及玉米氮肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(11):37-42+49. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】降低氮素损失。【方法】采用通气法采集田间5种不同施肥量下各处理（F0、F1、F2、F3和F4处理 N-P2O5-K2O量分别为0、162-72.9-40.5、216-97.2-54、270-121.5-67.5和324-145.8-81 kg/hm2）的土壤氨挥发释放量，分析了氨挥发累积量、净损失率及玉米产量、氮素利用率。【结果】河套灌区滴灌玉米灌水施肥后土壤氨挥发速率均有所升高，并于灌后第2天达到最大值；不同处理玉米全生育期土壤氨挥发累积量为6.14～17.56 kg/hm2，氮净损失率为1.93%～3.52%；当施氮量大于216 kg/hm2时，氨挥发累积量随施氮量显著增加；滴灌土壤氨挥发速率与大气温度、土壤温度显著正相关（P<0.05），与土壤水分极显著正相关（P<0.01）；经计算分析，膜下滴灌施肥量（N-P2O5-K2O）为250-112.5-62.5 kg/hm2时，玉米获得较高的产量，同时全生育期氨挥发损失较低。【结论】膜下滴灌条件下，适宜的施肥措施可以提高作物产量和氮肥利用率，降低氮素损失。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌施肥； 氨挥发； 玉米； 氮肥利用率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180136 |
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| Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Ammonia Oxidation of Corn Field with Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District |
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LI Zhe, QU Zhongyi, REN Zhongsheng, YANG Shaodong, XU Zhe, HA Sigerile, LI Mao
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1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;2. Emancipation and irrigation Administration Bureau of Hetao Irrigation Area, Inner Mongolia, Hangjinhouqi 015400, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Reducing nitrogen loss via leaching and emission is critical to developing sustainable agriculture and the purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia oxidation of a corn field in Hetao Irrigation District. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field in which and we considered five fertilizations with the N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio at 0∶0∶0, 62∶72.9∶40.5, 216∶97.2∶54, 270∶121.5∶ 67.5, and 324∶145.8∶81 kg/hm2 respectively. In each treatment, ammonia vocalization was measured using the Aeration method. In the meantime, we also analyzed the accumulation of ammonia volatilization, its net loss rate, corn yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Result】 The ammonia volatilization rate increased after drip irrigation and fertilization, peaking second day after the irrigation. When the applied nitrogen was more than 216 kg/hm2, the amount of ammonia volatilization increased significantly with the applied nitrogen. The accumulation of ammonia volatilization at different fertilizations over the whole growth period was 6.14~17.56 kg/hm2 and the net loss rate was 1.93%~3.52%. Soil ammonia volatilization rate was significantly correlated with soil temperature (P<0.05) and soil moisture (P<0.01). The yield of maize peaked when the N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio was 250∶112.5∶62.5 kg/hm2, with the ammonia volatilization substantially reduced. 【Conclusion】 An appropriate N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio with drip irrigation can effectively improve crop yield and nutrient utilization efficiency, thereby reducing nitrogen losses. |
| Key words: fertigation; ammonia volatilization; maize; nitrogen use efficiency |
