| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过典型节水灌溉技术宏观尺度综合量化评价，揭示灌溉技术未来发展趋势。【方法】采用文献调研与知识管理重构的方法分析了典型节水灌溉技术特点，提出以适应性和经济性作为节水灌溉技术综合性能评价指标。其中适应性包括对作物类型、地形、水源水质、水源水量、土壤渗透性、土壤盐碱度、气候的适应程度以及管理难易等8项指标，经济性包括田间水利用率、灌溉均匀度、增产率、投资、节地率、节水程度等6项指标。通过评估各指标适宜范围构造赋值标准，运用德尔菲调查法和变异系数法构造赋值权重，计算得到各灌溉方式各大类得分，最终通过不满意度综合评价法计算得到不满意度作为综合得分。【结果】微灌综合性能最好，滴灌和微喷灌的不满意度分别为2.42、2.77；其次为喷灌、节水型畦灌、波涌灌以及节水型沟灌；小畦灌表现最差为5.14；各灌溉方式的经济性和适应性得分之间具有较强的竞争性；各灌溉方式的发展历程表明，未来的灌水方式将向适应性和经济性方面双优方向发展。【结论】在宏观尺度上，灌溉技术一直朝着适应性和经济性双好的方向发展，提高器械灌溉的适应性和提高非器械灌溉的经济性，是未来节水灌溉技术的发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 节水灌溉； 综合性能； 评价； 德尔菲法 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20170075 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Systematically Evaluating the Performance of Typical Water-saving Irrigation Techniques |
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SUO Ying， WANG Zhongjing
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1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This paper aims to resolve the issues involved in macro-scale evaluation of typical water-saving irrigation technology and its future development. 【Method】 Literature survey and knowledge management reconstruction method were used to analyze the characteristics of typical water-saving irrigation technology. Two categories of indicators adaptability and economic efficiency were used to systematically evaluate the indices of water-saving irrigation technology. The adaptability factors included eight indices: crop type, topography, water quality, water source, soil permeability and soil salinity, and the adaptability factors included climate and difficulty in management. The economic efficiency factors include field water use rate, irrigation uniformity, yield increase rate, investment, land saving rate and water saving level. Through refining each index score, we obtained the assignment criteria. Using the Delphi method, we constructed the weight of each index calculated its final score. 【Result】 The overall performance of micro-irrigation was the best with the scores of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation being 2.42 and 2.77 respectively, followed by conventional sprinkler irrigation, water saving border-irrigation, surge irrigation and water-saving furrow irrigation. Small border irrigation was the worst, with a score of 5.14. The scores of economic efficiency and adaptability of all irrigation methods had strong competition. The development of those irrigation methods showed that the future irrigation would have good adaptability and economic efficiency. 【Conclusion】 From the perspective of macro scale, irrigation technology has been developing in the direction of good adaptability and economic efficiency. Improving the adaptability of instrument-based irrigation and the economics of non-instrumental irrigation is hence the future in developing water-saving irrigation technology. |
| Key words: water-saving irrigation; comprehensive performance; evaluation; Delphi method |
