| 引用本文: | 忠智博,翟国亮,邓 忠,等.水氮施量对膜下滴灌棉花生长及水氮分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(1):67-76. |
| ,et al.水氮施量对膜下滴灌棉花生长及水氮分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(1):67-76. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究北疆地区膜下滴灌棉花最优水氮施量及土壤水氮分布特征。【方法】采用二因素完全随机试验，设置灌水量4个水平（W1：5 250 m3/hm2、W2：4 500 m3/hm2、W3：3 750 m3/hm2和W4：3 000 m3/hm2）和施氮量3个水平（N1：300 kg/hm2、N2：262.5 kg/hm2和N3：225 kg/hm2），研究了不同水氮施量对植株形态、土壤含水率分布及土壤氮素分布的影响。【结果】施氮量对植株形态指标的影响程度低于灌水量，但植株形态指标不能反映产量；棉花盛蕾期，表层土壤含水率较低，直至盛花期，表层土壤含水率稳定在20%左右。且灌水量为3 750 m3/hm2时，更有利于土壤保持湿润，并且向深层流失的水分较少；0～20 cm土层内硝态氮和铵态氮量相对较高，随着灌水量和施氮量的增加，氮素向深层土壤的淋移程度不断增加，当施氮量为262.5 kg/hm2时，根系层内的硝态氮含量相对较高，尿素转化的铵态氮也更多；当施氮量为262.5 kg/hm2，灌水量为3 750 m3/hm2时，棉花产量达到最大，为6 460.5 kg/hm2。【结论】施氮量为262.5 kg/hm2，灌水量为3 750 m3/hm2，可作为该地区最优水氮施量组合。 |
| 关键词: 膜下滴灌；植株形态；含水率；土壤硝态氮；土壤铵态氮 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019154 |
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| The impact of N application and drip irrigation amount on cotton growth and water and n distributions in soil mulched with film |
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ZHONG Zhibo, ZHAI Guoliang, DENG Zhong, CAI Jiumao, GU Shaowei, WANG Guodong
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Institute/ Key Laboratory of Water-saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Institute of Water and Soil Fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally determine the optimal water and nitrogen application for cotton grown in soil mulched with film and under drip irrigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted with four irrigation amounts: W1:5 250 m3/hm2,W2:4 500 m3/hm2,W3:3 750 m3/hm2 and W4:3 000 m3/hm2; and three nitrogen applications: N1:300 kg/hm2, N2:262.5 kg/hm2 and N3:225 kg/hm2. All treatments were organized in the two-factor randomized plots in the field. In each treatment, we measured plant morphology, soil water and soil nitrogen.【Result】Irrigation amount affected plant morphological traits more than nitrogen application, but the morphological traits were not closely related to cotton yield. Water content in the top soil decreased asymptotically to 20% from the budding stage to the flowering stage. It was found that irrigating 3 750 m3/hm2 of water was the best comprise to keep soil moist while not losing too much water to percolation. Nitrate and ammonium content in the top 0~20 cm soil was comparatively high, and with increase in irrigation amount and nitrogen application, nitrogen leaching increased monotonically. When the nitrogen application amount was 262.5 kg/hm2, nitrate in root zone was comparatively high due to the apparently enhanced nitrification. The yield peaked at 6 460.5 kg/hm2 when nitrogen application and irrigation amount were 262.5 kg/hm2 and 3 750 m3/hm2 respectively. 【Conclusion】In terms of affecting cotton growth and water and nitrogen distribution in soil, applying 262.5 kg/hm2 of nitrogen and irrigating 3 750 m3/hm2 of water was optimal for cotton grown in the studied area. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; film mulching; plant morphology; soil water; soil nitrate; soil ammonium |
