| 引用本文: | 赵长龙,刘 毅,王金涛,等.不同材料蒸发皿及环境因素对水面蒸发测定的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(9):108-115. |
| ZHAO Changlong,LIU Yi,WANG Jintao,et al.不同材料蒸发皿及环境因素对水面蒸发测定的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(9):108-115. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究环境与蒸发皿材料对水面蒸发量测定的影响，为没有E-601型蒸发器或E20蒸发池的区域提供更为精确的水面蒸发测定方法或测定思路。【方法】通过野外试验，测定了陆面与水面环境中Φ20型铁蒸发皿与亚克力蒸发皿的蒸发量，采用SPSS软件分析了不同材料（铁和亚克力）和不同环境（陆面和水面）对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响以及气象因素对研究区水面蒸发量的影响。【结果】在同种环境条件下，铁蒸发皿蒸发量高于亚克力蒸发皿，为亚克力蒸发皿蒸发量的1.2~1.4倍；就同种蒸发皿而言，陆面蒸发皿的蒸发量大于水面漂浮蒸发皿的，可达水面蒸发皿蒸发量的1.5倍之多；水面漂浮式Φ20型铁蒸发皿蒸发量与水面潜在蒸发量拟合度较好；环境对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响大于材料的影响；饱和水气压差、水面温度与水面蒸发极显著相关。【结论】蒸发环境是影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主要因素，应尽量采用水面漂浮式蒸发皿；热传导率小的陆面蒸发器比铁、铜等常规蒸发器的测定精度高，饱和水汽压差与水面温度是影响水面蒸发的主要气象因素。 |
| 关键词: 蒸发皿；材料；环境；水面蒸发；气象因素 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019355 |
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| Pan Materials and the Working Environment Affect Water Evaporation Measurements |
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ZHAO Changlong, LIU Yi, WANG Jintao, DONG Xinliang, LI Yonggang, SUN Hongyong
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1. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, IGDB, CAS, Shijiazhuang 050022, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Nandagang Agricultural Science Institute of Hebei Province, Cangzhou 061103, China;4. Agricultural Bureau of Jizhou District, Hebei Province, Hengshui 053200, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Accurate estimation of water surface evaporation is important to understand water cycle and improve water use efficiency. The widely used evaporator in China is the Φ20 evaporation pan, and the conversion from its measurement to real evaporation from water bodies depends on the working environment and the pan materials.【Objective】The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of pan materials and working environment on the measured evaporation in order to improve accuracy of the evaporation measured in areas without E-601 or E20 evaporator.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a filed at the Nandagang Agricultural Institute from July to September in 2019. We compared the Φ20 pans made by iron and acrylic by installing them on dryland and floating on the water surface of a pond, respectively. In the meanwhile, we also measured water evaporation from two pans with diameters in 10 cm and 50 cm with water depth in them being 30 mm and 50 respectively. During the experiment, we measured the temperature of the surface water and other meteorological factors, and then calculated the potential evaporation using the modified Penman’s formula.【Result】The evaporation measured from the iron pan was 1.2~1.4 times higher than that measured from the acrylic pan. Depending on the measurement sites, the evaporation measured from the pans on dryland could be up to 1.5 times higher than that measured from the pans floating on the water surface. Environment impacted the measurement more than the pan materials, and the sum of the squared deviation due to environmental impact was 131.59, approximately threefold that of the pan materials. The fitting between the potential evaporation and the evaporation measured from the floated Φ20 iron pan was good, and the water surface evaporation was correlated with vapor pressure deficit, water surface temperature and duration of sunshine.【Conclusion】The environmental factors such as saturated vapor pressure deficit and water surface temperature were the major determinants of water surface evaporation in the studied area. The location of the pan also affected the measurement accuracy. The evaporation measured from the pan on dryland was much higher than that measured from the pan floating on the water surface. The pan size and initial water depth in it did not impact the measurement at significant level. For the pan installed on the dryland, making it with low thermal-conductive materials was more accurate, while for the floating pan making it with high thermal-conductive materials worked better. |
| Key words: evaporators; pan materials; environment; water surface evaporation; meteorological factors |
