| 摘要: |
| 【目的】优化梨树水氮管理制度。【方法】通过开展田间小区水氮耦合试验，设3个灌水下限，分别为Hw：75%θf、Mw：65%θf、Lw：55%θf，3个施氮水平：Hf：486 kg/hm2、Mf：324 kg/hm2、Lf：162 kg/hm2，共计9个水氮耦合处理：低水高肥（LwHf）、低水中肥（LwMf）、低水低肥（LwLf）、中水高肥（MwHf）、中水中肥（MwMf）、中水低肥（MwLf）、高水高肥（HwHf）高水中肥（HwMf）、高水低肥（HwLf），以及常规处理（CK），探究了不同水氮耦合方案对黄金梨产量及水、氮肥生产率的影响。【结果】灌水量和施氮量对产量、灌溉水分生产率和肥料偏生产力指标值的影响显著，但不同指标响应规律不完全一致；产量和灌溉水分生产率随施氮量呈单调递增规律、但随灌水量呈“U”型变化，适宜灌水量以下（本研究的理论适宜值1 016.2 m3/hm2）递增，以上递减；肥料偏生产力随施氮量呈单调递减，受灌水量的影响相对较小，适宜灌水量值以下单调递增，以上影响不明显。本试验条件下，HwHf处理产量最高为31 522.5 kg/hm2，较园区常规管理提高了31.92%；灌溉水分生产率和偏肥料生产力分别在MwHf（36.28 kg/m3）和HwLf（165.03 kg/kg）方案下取得最大值。【结论】试验条件下，当施氮量为324 kg/hm2和灌水量为1 016.2 m3/hm2时，理论产量为32 344.2 kg/hm2、iWUE和PFP分别为31.83 kg/m3和99.83 kg/kg，各指标值均处于相对高的水平。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；水氮耦合；黄金梨树；产量；灌溉水分生产率；肥料偏生产力 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020044 |
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| Impact of Different Water-nitrogen Couplings on Yield and Water-nitrogen Productivity of Golden Pear |
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LIU Ya’nan, BAI Meijian, ZHANG Baozhong, WU Xianbing, SHI Yuan
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1. State Key Laboratory of Basin Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation,China Academy of Water Resourcesand Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;2. College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Pear is one of important fruits in China, making up 62% of worldwide production. However, spatiotemporally uneven precipitation and low soil fertility has limited the pear industry. Synergistic application of irrigation and fertilization at an optimal ratio can significantly increase yield, as well as water and fertilizer use efficiency of the pear, whereas in the meantime minimizing their detrimental impact on environment.【Objective】Taking golden pear as the model plant, this paper investigated experimentally the impact of different water and nitrogen couplings on yield, and water and fertilizer productivity of the pear in attempts to provide a guidance for pear production in China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field and compared three irrigation levels based on the field capacity θf: 75% θf (Hw), 65% of θf (Mw) and 55% of θf (Lw), and three nitrogen applications: 486 kg/hm2 (Hf), 324 kg/hm2 (Mf) and 162 kg/hm2 (Lf). Overall, there were nine treatments. Irrigation and fertigation used by local farmers was taken as the control (CK). 【Result】Irrigation and nitrogen application had a significant effect on yield, irrigation water productivity and partial productivity of the fertilizer, but the effect was not consistent. Both yield and irrigation water productivity increased monotonically with nitrogen application, but they varied concavely with irrigation amount - increasing first followed by a decline when irrigation exceeded 1 016.2 m3/hm2. Hw+Hf gave the highest yield – 31 522.5 kg/hm2, 31.92% up compared to the CK. The productivity of irrigation water peaked at 36.28 kg/m3 in Mw+Hf, while the partial fertilizer productivity maximized at 165.03 kg/kg in Hw+Lf.【Conclusion】 Design of water and fertilizer coupling in irrigation-fertigation needs to consider both yield and environment. For the golden pear studied in this paper, coupling 324 kg/hm2 of nitrogen and 1 016.2 m3/hm2 of irrigation was optimal, giving a 32 344.15 kg/hm2 yield with its associated iWUE and PFP being 31.83 kg/m3 and 99.83 kg/kg respectively. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; water and fertilizer coupling; golden pear; fruit yield; water use efficiency; partial productivity of fertilizer |
