| 引用本文: | 晏 军,王伟义,费月跃,等.盐土条件下不同品系藜麦生理特性和产量指标对花期渍水胁迫的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):47-54. |
| YAN Jun,WANG Weiyi,FEI Yueyue,et al.盐土条件下不同品系藜麦生理特性和产量指标对花期渍水胁迫的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):47-54. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索盐土条件下不同藜麦品系花期遭受渍水胁迫的响应机制，促进沿海地区藜麦的引进、选育和推广种植。【方法】选取4个藜麦品系（SL 21、SL 44、SL 24和SL 45），采用盆栽实验，以不渍水为对照（CK），研究了盐土环境下藜麦花期对不同渍水持续时间（4、8和12 d）的生理特性和产量构成响应，并明确了排水指标。【结果】盐土条件下，随着渍水时间的增加，4个品系藜麦叶片的丙二醛（MDA）物质的量浓度呈增加趋势，叶绿素Chl(a+b)量、可溶性蛋白（SP）量、可溶性糖（SS）量、光合指标参数（Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci）和叶绿素荧光参数（Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm）均呈降低趋势。渍水4 d后，4个品系藜麦叶片MDA物质的量浓度显著均高于CK，SL 21和SL 24的Chl(a+b)量和SS量显著低于CK，但4个品系的Pn、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm未受到显著影响，渍水胁迫对SL 24和SL 45光合特性参数的影响大于SL 21和SL 44。渍水持续12 d后，4个品系的各项生理指标均显著低于CK，藜麦生理代谢遭到严重破坏。在产量构成上，每株主穗产量占总产量的65%以上，4个品系在渍水4 d后单株总产量均显著降低，产量高低表现为SL 44＞SL 21＞SL 24＞SL 45，在渍水8 d后主穗产量和千粒质量显著低于CK，渍水持续12 d后，分枝产量绝收。【结论】4个品系中SL 44的耐渍性相对较好，若在花期遭遇涝渍灾害，以藜麦减产15%~20%作为排水控制标准，允许的渍水时间为3.2~4.1 d。 |
| 关键词: 藜麦；渍水；生理特性；产量；排水指标 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020286 |
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| Response of Physiological Traits and Yield of Different Quinoa Cultivars to Waterlogging at Flowering Stage in Saline Soil |
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YAN Jun, WANG Weiyi, FEI Yueyue, CUI Bibo, SHI Pibiao,MA Mengmeng, LI Bin, CHEN Manxia, LI Yafang, GU Minfeng
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Xinyang Experimental Station of Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Areas, Yancheng 224049, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Quinoa is a dicotyledonous herbaceous plant in the genus of Chenopodiaceae. It originates from the Andes of South America and can tolerate abiotic stresses induced by low temperature, drought and salinity. FAO consider it the only plant which can meet the essential nutritional requirements of human body. As such, quinoa has attracted increased attention over the past decade, but there is a lack of understanding of how it responds to waterlogging. The eastern coastal areas in China are rich in tidal flats, and given the nutritional value of the quinoa and its high tolerance to abiotic stresses, these tidal flats are ideal places for quinoa in developing sustainable agricultural structure in these regions.【Objective】The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate how different quinoa cultivars in these regions respond to waterlogging occurring at its anthesis stage.【Method】 The experiments were conducted in pots and compared four cultivars which are abbreviated as SL 21, SL 44, SL 24, SL 45. The waterlogging was instigated at the anthesis stage and lasted for 4, 8 and 12 days respectively, with non-waterlogging taken as the control (CK). In each treatment we measured the physiological and yield traits of the plant, as well as the associated drainage indexes.【Result】 Increasing waterlogging duration increased MDA of the quinoa leaves but reduced Chl(a+b), SP, SS, photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm). Compared to the CK, waterlogging for four days significantly increased the MDA in all four cultivars and reduced Chl(a+b) and SS in SL21 and SL24, with Pn, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm not showing significant change. The waterlogging impacted the photosynthetic parameters of SL 24 and SL 45 more significantly than that of SL 21 and SL 44. Compared with the CK, waterlogging for 12 days significantly reduced the physiological indexes of all four cultivars and damaged their physiological metabolization. In terms of yield, the main spike yield of each plant accounted for more than 65% of its total yield. Waterlogging for four days significantly reduced the yield of each plant in the four cultivars, with the yield ranked in the order of SL 44>SL 21>SL 24>SL 45. Waterlogging for 8 days significantly reduced the main spike yield and the 1 000-grain weight; and waterlogging for 12 days failed the branch yield. 【Conclusion】Among the four cultivars, SL44 is most resistant to waterlogging. For waterlogging occurring at the flowering stage, if taking yield reduction of 15%~20% as the standard for designing the drainage system, the allowable waterlogging duration should be less than 4.1 days. |
| Key words: quinoa; waterlogging; physiological characteristics; yield; drainage index |
