| 引用本文: | 谷少委,刘杰云,范习超,等.广利灌区总干渠水质及氮磷污染初步评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):93-100. |
| GU Shaowei,LIU Jieyun,FAN Xichao,et al.广利灌区总干渠水质及氮磷污染初步评价[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(2):93-100. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对灌区绿色发展面临严峻挑战和水环境不断恶化等问题，探究广利灌区总干渠水质及氮磷污染现状及其对灌区水环境的影响，进一步提出灌区水环境问题解决建议。【方法】于2019年6—12月，在灌区内总干渠中选取具有代表性的6个断面，进行了6次水质监测，测定水体中的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、CODCr和BOD5等反映水质和氮磷污染的基本指标。采用适用于我国河流水质综合评价的综合水质标识指数法和富营养化评价的对数型幂函数普适指数公式对河流水质及富营养化情况进行评价。【结果】①广利灌区86%的水体水质能满足Ⅴ类农业水域功能区的用水要求，且综合水质标识指数随时间和空间变化显著，7月66.7%水体处于劣Ⅴ类水标准，在三号闸和补源进水口取样点出现了黑臭水体。②广利灌区水体富营养化严重，灌区内水体100%处于富营养状态，富营养化评价综合指数（EI）峰值出现在7月补源进水口处（80.5），且41.6%的水体处于重富营养化状态。③TN平均质量浓度为5.30 mg/L，为地表水Ⅴ类水标准的2.65倍，TP平均质量浓度为0.156 mg/L，氮、磷比为33.97∶1，适宜藻类生长。【结论】广利灌区总体水质可满足农业功能区用水要求，但富营养化水平较高，尤其是氮污染严重，灌区内的原生态土渠和水生植物使河流具有良好的自净能力，能发挥其生态功能作用。因此，建议加强灌区内入河水体的污染控制尤其是氮磷污染的监测；同时渠道衬砌要考虑生态环境、配比生态衬砌和原生态土渠、河道搭配水生植物，进而对河水中的氮磷等污染物进行吸附，以改善灌区水环境。 |
| 关键词: 灌区；总干渠；水质；氮磷污染；富营养化 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020265 |
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| A Preliminary Analysis of Water Quality and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in the Main Canal of Guangli Irrigation District |
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GU Shaowei, LIU Jieyun, FAN Xichao, QIN Jingtao, ZHONG Zhibo, LYU Mouchao, GAO Jianmin
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081, China; 3.Tongyu River North Water Transmission Project Management Office, Lianyungang 222000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】One challenge facing developing sustainable irrigation districts is to alleviate water deterioration. This paper is to present the results of a preliminary study on water quality and nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the main canal of Guangli irrigation district in Henan province, and propose strategy to prevent water from deterioration.【Method】 We selected six sections along the canal from June to December 2019, and measured monthly changes in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), CODCr and BOD5. We then evaluated water quality and eutrophication in the canal using the comprehensive water quality identification index - suitable for comprehensive evaluation of river water quality in China – and the exponential universal formula of power function in logarithmic form. 【Result】①The comprehensive water quality identification index showed that 86% of the water in the irrigation district meets the Grade V standard for agricultural water usage. It was also found that the comprehensive water quality index varied spatiotemporally at significant level. In July, 66.7% of water in the canal deteriorated below Grade 5 standard, with black and odorous water (eutrophication) found at Gate 3 and the entry point to the canal. ②Eutrophication was widespread. The maximum eutrophication evaluation index was 80.5 and appeared in July at the entry point to the canal; approximately 41.6% of water in the district was seriously eutrophic. ③The average mass concentration of TN was 5.30 mg/L, 2.65 times the Grade V standard for surface water. The average mass concentration of TP was 0.156 mg/L and the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus was 33.97∶1, an ideal environment for algae bloom. 【Conclusion】Overall, the water quality in the irrigation district meets the requirements for irrigation, but it is highly eutrophic with high nitrogen content. The original earth canals with aquatic plants are able to purify the water and keep the district ecologically function. Keeping water from deterioration therefore should tighten control of pollutants from entering the irrigation district, and monitor the changes in nitrogen and phosphorus. Channel lining should consider its consequence for ecological functions. Alternating lining and earth canal bed, combining with aquatic plants to take up the pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can improve water quality in the irrigation district. |
| Key words: Guangli irrigation district; main canal; water quality; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; eutrophication |
