| 引用本文: | 钱 争,冯绍元,庄旭东,等.基于RZWQM2模型的农田排水暗管优化布置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(7):113-121. |
| QIAN Zheng,FENG Shaoyuan,ZHUANG Xudong,et al.基于RZWQM2模型的农田排水暗管优化布置研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(7):113-121. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究河套灌区葵花种植区暗管排水条件下农田土壤水分变化状态，探求当地适宜的农田排水暗管布置和控制排水方案。【方法】基于2018—2020年田间试验数据，对RZWQM2模型进行率定和验证，并利用该模型对不同排水暗管布置方案（同一间距不同埋深和同一埋深不同间距）和控制排水方案（不同时期不同排水口深度）下的土壤水分运移和作物生长情况进行数值模拟。【结果】①模型率定和验证阶段，砂土层土壤含水率RMSE为0.049~0.065 cm3/cm3，其余土层土壤含水率RMSE为0.012~0.037 cm3/cm3，累计排水量和产量MRE分别在5.88%和3.40%以下，地下水位、1 m土层土壤储水量和叶面积指数R2分别在0.798、0.817和0.912以上；②以现有排水暗管埋深1.5 m、间距45 m为基础，模拟得到采用埋深1.4 m、间距45 m的布置方案其地下水位抬高5.2 cm、排水量减少40.0%、增产85.3 kg/hm2；③采用雨季1.5 m、非雨季1.2 m排水口深度的控制排水方案，地下水位抬高2.2 cm、排水量减少46.0%、增产66.4 kg/hm2。【结论】RZWQM2模型能较好模拟排水条件下葵花种植区农田土壤水分变化，研究区推荐采用1.4 m埋深、45 m间距的排水暗管布置方案，在现有布置下雨季1.5 m、非雨季1.2 m的控制排水方案较为合适。 |
| 关键词: RZWQM2；暗管排水；控制排水；葵花；河套灌区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021007 |
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| Using Root Zone Water Quality Model to Optimize Subsurface Drain in Hetao Irrigation District |
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QIAN Zheng, FENG Shaoyuan*, ZHUANG Xudong, YU Hao, YUAN Chengfu
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College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Hetao irrigation district (HID) is an important agricultural production base in northeastern China but faces soil salinization due to the long-term irrigation using the Yellow river water and poor drainage management. Subsurface drain had been increasingly implemented in the district, but how to improve its effectiveness such that it not only controls groundwater table below a critical depth but can also keep soil sufficiently moist to facilitate crop growth remains obscured. 【Objective】The aim of this paper is to investigate how to achieve this goal through optimizing subsurface drains. 【Method】We took sunflower as an example and simulated water flow and solute transport in the soil using the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2). The model parameters were estimated by calibration against experimental data measured from 2018 to 2020, and the calibrated model was then used to evaluate how an change in the drain design, including their burying depth and spacing, affects soil water flow and crop growth under different scenarios.【Result】①Comparison between the calibrated model and the experimental data showed that the RMSE of the model for soil water was 0.049~0.065 cm3/cm3 for sandy soil and 0.012~0.037 cm3/cm3 for other soils, and that the MRE for cumulative drainage and crop yield was below 5.88% and 3.40% respectively; its R2 was 0.798 for groundwater, 0.817 for soil water storage in 0~100 cm soil, and 0.912 for leaf area index. ②Simulations revealed that raising the bury depth of the drain from current 1.5 m to 1.4 m with the spacing kept at 45 m as used by local farmer can raise the groundwater table by 5.2 cm, reduce drainage loss by 40.0%, and increase crop yield by 85.3 kg/hm2. ③Keeping the drain exit 1.5 m deep in rainy season and raising it to1.2 m deep in other seasons can raise the groundwater table by 2.2 cm, reduce drainage loss by 46.0%, and increase crop yield by 66.4 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】RZWQM2 is accurate to simulate water flow and sunflower growth in areas drained by subsurface drain, and its application to Hetao irrigation district indicated that burying the drains 1.4 m deep with a spacing of 45 m was optimal. For areas with drains already installed at 1.5 m deep and 45 m spacing, keeping the drain exit 1.5 m deep in the rainy season and raising it to 1.2 m deep in other seasons worked the best. |
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