| 引用本文: | 许 浒,蒋尚明,袁宏伟,等.受旱试验与相对生长率相结合的小麦旱灾系统敏感性识别与评估[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):66-72. |
| XU Hu, JIANG Shangming, YUAN Hongwei, LIU Jia, JIN Juliang,XU Hu, JIANG Shangming, YUAN Hongwei, LIU Jia, JIN Juliang,XU Hu, JIANG Shangming, YUAN Hongwei, LIU Jia, JIN Juliang,et al.受旱试验与相对生长率相结合的小麦旱灾系统敏感性识别与评估[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(8):66-72. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示小麦不同生长发育过程中干旱致灾因子危险性经承灾体脆弱性转换为旱灾损失的干旱致灾机制。【方法】基于小麦受旱试验，运用相对生长率生长函数，构建了小麦旱灾系统敏感性曲线，据此进行小麦旱灾系统敏感性的定量识别与评估。【结果】小麦分蘖期受旱胁迫均会造成干物质累积总量相对生长率小幅降低（相对无受旱胁迫），但随受旱胁迫度的增加变化幅度并不明显，当期受旱会激发小麦的自适应能力，促进根系纵向生长，从而对后期生长发育有利；小麦拔节孕穗期轻度受旱对生长发育影响较小，但在重度受旱时系统敏感性最大；小麦抽穗开花期系统敏感性较大，轻度受旱即会对小麦生育造成较大影响；小麦灌浆成熟期系统敏感性也较大，轻度受旱就会显著抑制小麦生长发育。【结论】小麦拔节孕穗期轻度受旱胁迫对小麦生长发育影响较小，但在重度受旱时系统敏感性最大，宜保证该生育期土壤含水率高于田间持水率的55%；小麦抽穗开花期和灌浆成熟期系统敏感性均较大，轻度受旱均会对小麦生育造成较大的影响，宜保证这2个生育期土壤含水率高于田间持水率的75%。 |
| 关键词: 小麦；旱灾系统敏感性；受旱胁迫；相对生长率；敏感性函数 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020708 |
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| Sensitivity of Winter Wheat to Drought Occurring at Different Growth Stages |
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XU Hu, JIANG Shangming, YUAN Hongwei, LIU Jia, JIN Juliang
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1.Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of
Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Hefei 230088, China;
2. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
3. Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Systems Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】Sensitivity of crop to drought is a measure of the response of its growth and yield to water stress occurring at different growth stages. It is a key parameter characterizing the transition from drought risk to drought loss. The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate how drought stresses occurring at different growth stages of winter wheat affect its eventual yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a winter wheat field, and drought of different degrees was imposed at different growth stages. In each treatment, we measured the changes in total dry matter accumulation and the final yield. A sensitivity function was derived based on the growth rate of the dry matter accumulation to assess the impact of the droughts.【Result】①Drought occurring at tillering stage reduced the growth rate of the total dry matter accumulation, but the reduced rate did not increase at significant level as the drought stress increased because the occurrence of the drought in this period stimulated roots to go deep to forage water in subsoil; this benefit continued to the late stage of the wheat.② Occurrence of mild drought at jointing or booting stage did not have significant effects on growth and development of the wheat, but the wheat was very sensitive to severe drought occurring at these stages.【Conclusion】The growth rate of the total dry matter accumulation decreased asymptotically as the drought stress occurring at tillering stage increased. Since the drought did not inhibit dry matter accumulation, insufficient irrigation can be implemented at this stage without compromising yield. The wheat was sensitive to severe drought at the jointing or booting stage, and soil water content at these stages should be kept higher than 55% of the field capacity. The wheat was very sensitive to drought at heading and flowering stage and even a mild drought could significantly hinder the crop growth; soil moisture at this stage thus hould be kept higher than 75% of the field capacity. |
| Key words: wheat; sensitivity to drought; drought stress; relative growth rate; sensitivity function |
