| 引用本文: | 张曼玉,李小伟,杨海昌,等.不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):87-94. |
| ZHANG Manyu,LI Xiaowei,YANG Haichang,et al.不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(10):87-94. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】改善土壤磷素状况、土壤无机磷组分，提高磷肥利用效率。【方法】于2019―2020年在新疆昌吉进行2 a的田间试验，设置4个处理，分别为DF1：底肥全部基施（追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主）；DF2：底肥全部基施（追肥以微生物复合肥为主）；NF1：底肥全部追施（追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主）；NF2：底肥全部追施（追肥以微生物复合肥为主）。分别在棉花蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期和收获期采集土壤样品，测定了土壤有效磷、微生物量磷、无机磷组分和棉花产量。【结果】与DF1、DF2处理相比，NF1、NF2处理能够显著提高棉花花铃期、吐絮期、收获期0~20 cm土层的有效磷和微生物量磷。NF1、NF2处理的Ca2-P分别在棉花花铃期均达到最高，Ca10-P、AL-P在棉花花铃期达到最低，Ca8-P在蕾期至吐絮期增加，但在收获期降低。土壤有效磷与Ca2-P显著正相关，与Ca10-P和AL-P显著负相关。底肥全部追施的施肥方式可显著提高土壤中直接磷源的量，降低向缓效磷源的转化量，从而提高了土壤中磷的有效性。相比底肥全部基施的施肥方式，底肥全部追施的施肥方式可使棉花产量平均增加7.5%。【结论】通过减少底肥的施入量，根据作物需肥规律精准定量施入磷肥可增加土壤有效磷，减少土壤磷素向无效磷源的转化，增加作物产量。 |
| 关键词: 施肥方式；有效磷；磷分级；磷积累；滴灌 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021199 |
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| The Ways of Fertilizing Phosphorus Affects Its Dynamics and Inorganic Forms in Drip-irrigated Cotton Field |
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ZHANG Manyu, LI Xiaowei, YANG Haichang, ZHANG Fenghua, YANG Lei, MA Wenxin, FAN Jihui
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1.Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
2.Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., Changji 831100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background and objective】 Soil in most regions in Xinjiang of China are rich in calcium (Ca), and long-term application of phosphate fertilizer could result in chemical reactions between phosphorus (P), Ca and iron, thereby enriching soil P. This could reduce the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer. Since 1997, Xinjiang has promoted mulched drip irrigation-fertilization with the fertilizers directly delivered to the root zone to improve their use efficiency. Due to the poor mobility of P in soil, how to optimize P fertilization to change its form so as to facilitate its uptake by crops is important but remains obscure. The purpose of this paper is to address this knowledge gap.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at a cotton field in Changji, Xinjiang. It consisted of four treatments: basal application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using amino acid solution (DF1), basal application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using microbial fertilizers (DF2), additional application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using amino solution (NF1), additional application of all base fertilizers with topdressing using microbial fertilizers (NF2). In each treatment, soils were sampled at the bud, flower boll, boll opening and harvest stages to measures bioavailable P, microbial P, inorganic P forms and the ultimate cotton yield.【Result】 NF1 and NF2 significantly increased effective P and microbial P in the 0~20 cm soil at flower boll, boll opening and harvest stages, compared with DF1 and DF2. In terms of inorganic P forms, NF1 and NF2 increased Ca2-P content in 0~20 cm soil at boll stage, reduced Ca10-P and AL-P content at boll stage, and increased Ca8-P content from the bud to boll opening stage first and reduced it at the harvest stage. Soil effective P was positively correlated to Ca2-P and negatively correlated to Ca10-P and AL-P, both at significant level. Topdressing all base fertilizers can significantly increase P input to soil and reduce its conversion to slow-acting P, thereby increasing the effectiveness of P in soil. Compared with basal application of the base fertilizers, topdressing them increased the average cotton yield by 7.5%. 【Conclusion】Reducing base fertilizer application, precision-applying P fertilizer based on what the cotton requires can increase bioavailable P in soil, reduce P conversion to ineffective P, thereby increasing crop yield. |
| Key words: fertilization method; bioavailable P; P classification; phosphorus accumulation; drip irrigation |
