| 摘要: |
| 潜水蒸发是水均衡要素中主要消耗项之一。【目的】探究不同土质裸地潜水蒸发与气象要素及埋深关系。【方法】利用淮北平原五道沟水文实验站潜水蒸发及气象实测资料，利用SPSS统计法，分析了2种土质裸地潜水蒸发与6个气象要素的相关性，分别建立了多元回归模型，并利用Matlab软件构建了潜水蒸发系数与埋深的5种不同非线性拟合函数，根据所拟合的模型求得潜水蒸发的临界埋深。【结果】砂姜黑土潜水蒸发与气象要素相关程度从大到小依次为：地表温度、平均气温、降雨、日照，黄潮土潜水蒸发与气象要素相关程度从大到小依次为：地表温度、平均年气温、降雨、相对湿度、日照。不同土质潜水蒸发与气象要素的回归模型均达到精度要求（R2>0.7）。非线性拟合表明砂姜黑土在春秋冬三季幂函数模型拟合最佳（R2>0.8，均方根误差最小），其临界埋深分别为1.55、1.01、1.13 m，而夏季则是威布尔函数模型（R2=0.99，均方根误差最小），临界埋深为1.78 m；黄潮土一年四季均是指数模型拟合效果最佳（R2>0.93，均方根误差最小），其四季潜水蒸发临界埋深在2.3~2.9 m范围内。【结论】气象因素和埋深对潜水蒸发具有显著影响，可根据不同情况选择合适的潜水蒸发计算模型，用于潜水蒸发量计算。 |
| 关键词: 潜水蒸发；气象要素；埋深；裸地；淮北平原 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020425 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Calculating Groundwater Evaporation Based on Meteorological Data and Groundwater Table Depth |
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DING Jia’nan，et al
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1. Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2. Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province,
Bengbu 233000, China; 3. Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China)
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Groundwater evaporation is a main component in the hydrological cycle and is modulated by many biotic and abiotic factors. The purpose of this paper is to estimate groundwater evaporation through different soils using meteorological data and groundwater table depth. 【Method】The estimate model was derived based on groundwater evaporation and meteorological data measured from Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station in Huaibei plain. Two soils, lime concretion black soil and yellow fluvo-aquic soil, were used in the experiment, and the surfaces of the two soils were both kept bare. The Mann-Kendall method was used to examine the inter-annual variation in groundwater evaporation from the two soils using SPSS statistical software. The changes in groundwater evaporation with meteorological factors and the groundwater depth were analysed, from which we derive multiple regression models. 【Result】The impact of the meteorological data and groundwater depth on groundwater evaporation depended on soil types. For the lime concretion black soil, the impact of meteorological data was ranked in the order of soil surface temperature > average ambient air temperature> rainfall>length of sunshine, while for the yellow fluvo-aquic soil, they were ranked in the order of surface temperature>average annual temperature>rainfall>relative humidity> period of sunshine. For both soils, the regression model using meteorological data can accurately predict groundwater evaporation with R2>0.7. Nonlinear fitting showed that for the lime concretion black soil, the groundwater evaporation changed with groundwater depth in a power-law function with R2>0.8 in spring, autumn and winter with associated critical groundwater depth (below which the evaporation reduces to zero) was 1.55 m, 1.01 m and 1.13 m respectively. Yet in summer, their relationship was best described by the Weibull function, with R2=0.99 and critical groundwater depth being 1.78 m. For the yellow fluvo-aquic soil, the exponential function described the change in groundwater evaporation with the groundwater depth better, with R2>0.93 and the critical groundwater depth varying from 2.3 to 2.9 m.【Conclusion】Groundwater evaporation was affected by both groundwater depth and meteorological factors, but their relationships varied with seasons and soil types. This paper presented models describing their relationships. |
| Key words: groundwater evaporation; meteorological factors; groundwater depth; bare soil surface; Huaibei plain |
