| 引用本文: | 马彦霞,王晓巍,张玉鑫，等.戈壁荒漠区基质槽培辣椒耗水特征及产量品质对水分调控的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):1-8. |
| MA Yanxia,WANG Xiaowei,ZHANG Yuxin, et al..戈壁荒漠区基质槽培辣椒耗水特征及产量品质对水分调控的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):1-8. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提出基于水分-品质响应的河西走廊戈壁荒漠区秋冬茬基质槽栽培辣椒合理的节水优质高效灌溉模式。【方法】在膜下滴灌条件下，设定3种灌溉水平，即基质饱和含水率（θF）的50%~60%、60%~70%、70%~80%，分别在辣椒苗期、初花期、初果期和盛果期进行水分调控，研究了不同处理辣椒的耗水特征及产量品质和水分利用效率对不同生育阶段水分调控的响应。【结果】戈壁荒漠区秋冬茬基质槽栽培辣椒各生育阶段耗水量、植株日耗水强度均随基质含水率的增大而增大，各生育阶段耗水模数随生育期的推进呈递增趋势；辣椒株高、茎粗产量、果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C（Vc）、硝酸盐对苗期和盛果期灌溉调控最敏感。与全生育期基质含水率均在70%θF~80%θF处理相比，苗期和盛果期基质含水率均保持在70%θF~80%θF，初花期和初果期进行亏缺灌溉的处理果实可溶性蛋白质和Vc量分别提高了5.59%和5.82%，硝酸盐量降低了0.89%，产量增长了6.43%，水分利用效率提高了18.77%。【结论】综合整个生育期考虑，基质含水率苗期和盛果期均控制在饱和含水率的70%~80%，初花期和初果期分别控制在饱和含水率的50%~60%和60%~70%，在节水和保证较高产量的同时，可改善果实品质，提高产量和水分利用效率，是戈壁荒漠区秋冬茬基质槽栽培辣椒可行的节水优质高效灌溉调控模式。 |
| 关键词: 戈壁荒漠区；辣椒；基质栽培；水分调控；优质高效；灌溉模式 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021138 |
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| The Impacts of Controlled Irrigation on Water Consumption, Yield and Fruit Quality of Substrate-cultivated Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Gobi Desert |
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MA Yanxia, WANG Xiaowei, ZHANG Yuxin, et al.
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Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Water scarcity is a bottleneck hindering vegetable production in Gobi Desert. While previous studies have shown implementing water-saving irrigation is one solution, most existing studies on crops in this region focused on soil-cultivation. In contrast, water consumption of substrate-cultivated vegetable production in greenhouse has received limited attention despite its increased use.【Objective】Taking pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an example, the purpose of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap by systematically studying the impact of matrix saturation combined with controlled irrigation implemented at different growing stages on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of the crop.【Method】The experiment was conducted from autumn to winter in a solar greenhouse at Hexi corridor, with the cultivar Longjiao No.11 used as the model plant. We compared three irrigation treatments by keeping the matrix saturation at 50%～60%, 60%～70% and 70%～80% respectively at different growth stages, with matrix saturation kept at 70%~80% in the whole season taken as the control. Controlled deficit irrigation was implemented at seedling, initial flowering, initial fruiting and full fruiting stages. In each treatment, we measured water consumption, yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of the peppers.【Result】The total water consumption and daily water consumption of the peppers both increased with the matrix saturation, and the water consumption modulus at each growth stage increased as time elapsed The shoot height, stem thickness, soluble sugar and protein content, vitamin C (Vc), nitrate and fruit yield were most sensitive to irrigation regulation at the seedling and fruiting stage. Compared with the treatment maintaining matrix saturation at 70%～80% in the whole season, temporally keeping matric saturation at seedling and fruiting stage at 70%～80%, with deficit irrigations conducted at the initial flowering and early fruiting stage, can increase the contents of soluble protein and Vc, yield, and water use efficiency of the crop by 5.59%, 5.82%, 6.43% and 18.77%, respectively, while reducing nitrate content by 0.89%.【Conclusion】Keeping the matrix saturation at 70%～80% during the seedling and fruiting stages, and thirsting the crop at initial flowering and fruiting stages by keeping the matrix saturation at 50%～60% and 60% to 70%, respectively, was most effective in saving water and improving yield and fruit quality, as well as the water use efficiency. It can be used as an optimal cultivation for solar greenhouse production of matrix-cultivated peppers from autumn to winter in the Hexi corridor. |
| Key words: Gobi Desert; Capsicum annuum; substrate culture; water regulation; high quality and efficiency; irrigation mode |
