| 引用本文: | 曲兆凯,,田军仓,闫新房.稻蟹模式下水层深度､追肥量､放蟹密度及饲料投喂量最优组合试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):51-58. |
| QU Zhaokai,TIAN Juncang,YAN Xinfang.稻蟹模式下水层深度､追肥量､放蟹密度及饲料投喂量最优组合试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(11):51-58. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】解决宁夏贺兰县稻蟹模式下水肥利用率不高，放蟹密度、饲料投喂量不明确等问题。【方法】采用四因素三水平正交试验，研究了水层深度（5、8、11 cm）、追肥量（（60+1 500+3 000）kg/hm2）、（75+3 000+
4 500）kg/hm2）、（90+4 500+6 000）kg/hm2））、放蟹密度（60、90、120 kg/hm2）、饲料日投喂量（7.2、9、10.8 kg/hm2）对水稻与河蟹生长、产量和品质的影响。【结果】①四因素对水稻与河蟹产量的影响顺序为追肥量>水层深度>放蟹密度>饲料日投喂量、放蟹密度>水层深度>追肥量>饲料日投喂量，且均达到显著水平。②水稻与河蟹产量、蟹肉氨基酸总量随水层深度和追肥量增加而增加，稻米食味值随水层深度的增加而增加，随追肥量的增加先增后减，水稻产量和蟹肉氨基酸总量随放蟹密度与饲料日投喂量增加先增后减，河蟹产量和稻米食味值随放蟹密度的增加而增加，随饲料日投喂量的增加而减少。【结论】通过极差、方差与主成分分析得出，四因素最优水平组合为：水层深度为11 cm，追肥量为（90+4 500+6 000）kg/hm2（尿素+沼渣+沼液）、放蟹密度为90 kg/hm2、饲料日投喂量为7.2 kg/hm2时，水稻与河蟹产量最高，分别为9 799.8 kg/hm2和444.6 kg/hm2，较CK分别增产24%和37.6%；同时，稻米食味值与蟹肉氨基酸总量也最高，分别为83.71分和15.85 g/100g，较CK分别增加6.9%和24.8%。 |
| 关键词: 宁夏；稻蟹模式；最优组合方案；提质增效；现代化生态灌区 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021233 |
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| Optimizing Water Depth, Fertilizer Topdressing, Crab Density and Feed Quantity for Rice-crab Farming |
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QU Zhaokai, TIAN Juncang, YAN Xinfang
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1. School of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Ningxia Research Center of Technology on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation, Yinchuan 720021, China;
3. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Rice-fish farming is a common practice in paddy fields to make most of the limited land resources. However, how to balance fertilization and fish density without compromising the environment is an issue that remains largely obscure. The purpose of this paper is to address this based on rice-crab farming in Helan County, Ningxia province.【Objective】An experiment consisting of four factors and three levels was conducted in the field. It was designed using the orthogonal test. The four factors with their associated three levels were: Depth of water over the soil surface was 5 cm, 8 cm and 11 cm; fertilizers (urea + biogas residue + biogas slurry) topdressing was (60+1500+3000) kg/hm2, (75+3 000+4 500) kg/hm2, and (90+4 500+6 000) kg/hm2; crab density was 60 kg/hm2, 90 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2; daily feed quantity was 7.2 kg/hm2, 9 kg/hm2 and 10.8 kg/hm2. In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and quality of the rice and crab.【Result】①Based on their impact on rice yield, the four factors were ranked in the order of fertilizer topdressing >water depth>stock density of crab>daily feed quantity, while for the crab yield their ranking order was stock density >water layer>fertilization>daily feed quantity. The differences between them were at significant level. ②The yields of rice and crab, and the total amino acid content in the crab muscle both increased with the increase in water depth and fertilization. The tasting quality of the rice increased with the water depth first followed by a decline after the water depth exceeded a threshold value. Rice yield and total amino acids of the crab muscle increased first and then decreased as the stock density and daily feed quantity increased. The crab yield and taste of the rice both increased with the increase in stock density, but decreased as daily feed quantity increased.【Conclusion】The optimal combination for rice-crab farming was: water depth 11 cm, fertilizer topdressing (90+4 500+6 000) kg/hm2, crab stock density 90 kg/hm2, daily feed quantity 7.2 kg/hm2. Under this combination, the yield of the rice and crab maximized, increasing by 24% and 37.6%, compared with the CK, to 9 799.8 kg/hm2 and 444.6 kg/hm2, respectively. It also improved the taste of the rice and the total amino acid in the crab muscle by 83.71 points and 15.85 g/100g, respectively, an increase of 6.9% and 24.8% compared to those in the CK. |
| Key words: Ningxia; rice-crab farming; optimal cultivation; food improvement; modern ecological irrigation district |
