| 引用本文: | 薛琪敏,杜太生,杨慧, 等..不同水钙处理对甜瓜生长、品质形成及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(12):18-25. |
| XUE Qimin,DU Taisheng,,YANG Hui, et al..不同水钙处理对甜瓜生长、品质形成及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(12):18-25. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定甜瓜适宜的水钙管理模式。【方法】以“亭林雪瓜”为试验材料，设3个灌水量水平，分别为高水W1（220.45 mm）、中水W2（灌水量为W1的2/3，171.05 mm）和低水W3（灌水量为W1的1/2，146.45 mm），2个钙处理水平，分别为喷钙Ca1（总喷钙量为0.68 L/株）和不喷钙Ca0，采用完全随机区组设计，共6个处理，并在果实生长过程中测定了相关的生长生理指标，探究果实生长和糖分积累动态过程及产量品质对不同水钙处理的响应。【结果】雪瓜属高蔗糖积累型甜瓜品种，果径呈单“S”曲线生长，不同水钙处理下果实生长和糖分积累趋势一致。高水条件下果径增长量、果径大小以及果实产量最大，但单株灌溉水生产生产率IWP最低，且高水处理不利于果实糖分累积、降低了果实品质；中水处理下的IWP和果实品质最优，低水处理对果实生长有延缓影响并且降低了果实最终的产量。与不施钙处理相比，施钙处理产量和单果质量及IWP都得到了提高，同时施钙提高了果实硬度，降低了可滴定酸量（其中，单株产量、单果质量从高到低的顺序均为W1Ca1处理>W2Ca1处理>W1Ca0处理>W2Ca0处理>W3Ca1处理>W3Ca0处理，IWP从高到低的顺序为W2Ca1处理>W1Ca1处理> W2Ca0处理>W1Ca0处理>W3Ca1处理>W3Ca0处理）。【结论】不同水钙处理能影响果实生长及糖分积累过程且导致最终产量和品质的差异，中水施钙为甜瓜水钙管理的适宜模式。 |
| 关键词: 水钙处理; 果实生长; 糖分积累产量; 灌溉水生产率; 品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021100 |
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| Coupling Irrigation and Calcium Fertilization to Improve Growth, Quality and Yield of Muskmelon |
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XUE Qimin, DU Taisheng, YANG Hui, et al.
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1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Wuwei 733000, China; 3. Huawei Water-saving Technology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201505, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Melon is one of the most important cash crops in China, and increasing its yield without compromising fruit quality is desirable to melon farmers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to achieve this goal by optimizing irrigation and calcium fertilization.【Method】We used the Tinglin variety as the model plant and compared three irrigations: sufficient irrigation using 220.45 mm of water (W1), and deficit irrigation using 2/3 (W2) and 1/2 (W3) of the water used in W1 respectively; and two calcium fertilizations: 0.68 L/per plant (Ca1) and 0 (Ca0). In each treatment, we measured sugar accumulation, yield and quality of the fruit, as well as the change in its physiological traits.【Result】①In all treatments, fruit diameter increased asymptotically as time elapsed. ②Sufficient irrigation increased melon size and fruit yield but reduced irrigation water productivity. Imposing a moderate deficit irrigation was optimal for improving both irrigation water use efficiency and fruit quality, but if the deficiency was too severe, the resulting water stress would hinder melon growth and reduce fruit yield as a result. ③Compared with the control without calcium fertilization, applying Ca fertilizer not only increased fruit yield, weight of individual melons and irrigation water productivity, it also increased fruit quality by increasing fruit hardness and reducing titratable acid content in the fruits.【Conclusion】Irrigation and calcium fertilization both affected melon growth, sugar accumulation, and the ultimate fruit yield and quality. A moderate deficit irrigation combined with calcium fertilization was optimal for improving market value of the muskmelon without compromising its yield. These results have important implications for muskmelon production in northwestern China and in other regions which have similar climate and soil conditions. |
| Key words: calcium fertilization; sugar accumulation; melon; irrigation water using efficiency; fruit quality |
