| 引用本文: | 刘祖汀,王丽萍,屈忠义, 等.引黄春灌对盐碱土区地下水动态及理化性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):101-108. |
| LIU Zuting,WANG Liping,QU Zhongyi, et al..引黄春灌对盐碱土区地下水动态及理化性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):101-108. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究引黄春灌对区域浅层地下水动态及地下水理化性质的影响。【方法】通过监测试验区盐碱地春灌前后地下水位、八大离子（Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-）质量浓度、地下水EC值、pH值、土壤电导率等指标，运用数理统计和水文地球化学分析的方法，分析春灌前后地下水动态及春灌后地下水水环境变化。【结果】春灌后，试验区地下水整体上溶解性总固体量（TDS）、Ca2+、K++Na+、SO42-、Cl-的质量浓度有所增大，其中，K++Na+、Cl-的平均质量浓度最高，是阴阳离子中的优势离子，Cl-、K++Na+的变异系数最大，其具有较高的空间变异性，是随环境因素变化的敏感因子，也是决定地下水盐化的主要变量；影响地下水组分的主要因素除了岩石风化作用和蒸发结晶作用外，还有阳离子交换作用；地下水主要化学类型由Na-Mg-Cl-SO4-HCO3型和Na-Cl-SO4-HCO3型向Na-Cl-SO4型转变；由于灌溉水量不同，且地下水存在滞后性及渗透性，试验区内地下水埋深从春灌开始到上升至最浅埋深用时为10~20 d，灌溉前地下水埋深与最浅埋深差值范围在1.197~2.142 m之间，地下水上升日均幅度为0.079 8~0.169 0 m/d。【结论】春灌后地下水TDS平均增加了15.6%，春灌对试验区的土壤盐分淋洗作用较为显著，但春灌使得地下水埋深在6－8月居高不下，因此试验区宜适当减小春灌水量、加大排水力度，以防止发生土壤次生盐碱化和盐分胁迫作用，并提高试验区排水排盐效果。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱土；引黄春灌；地下水盐分；地下水埋深 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021189 |
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| The Changes in Depth and Physicochemical Properties of Groundwater in Response to Spring Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District |
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LIU Zuting, WANG Liping, QU Zhongyi, et al.
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1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Wuyuan County Agriculture and Husbandry Extension Center, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia, Bayannur 015100, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District relies on water diverted from the Yellow River, and it has a direct consequence for physicochemical properties of both soil and groundwater. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of spring irrigation on depth and physicochemical properties of the groundwater. 【Method】The experiment was conducted on a saline-alkali soil. We measured the changes in groundwater table, typical cation and anion ions, EC, pH, and other factors in the groundwater before and after the spring irrigation. The impacts of the irrigation on changes in groundwater depth and its physicochemical properties were analyzed using statistical methods. 【Result】The irrigation increased the concentrations of TDS, Ca2+ , K+ + Na+ , SO42- and Cl-, especially K+ + Na+ + and Cl- which not only had the largest coefficient of variation but also varied most erratically over space. Along with rock weathering and evaporation crystallization, cation exchange was another factor that modulated the change in chemical composition of the groundwater. After the irrigation, chemical composition of the groundwater shifted from Na-Mg-Cl-SO4-HCO3 type and Na-Cl-SO4-HCO3 to Na-Cl-SO4 type. Depending on irrigation amount and region, it took 10~20 day for the groundwater to respond to the irrigation, with the groundwater table rising by 1.197~2.142 m at a daily rate 0.079 8~0.169 m/d. 【Conclusion】 Spring irrigation increased the average TDS content of grounded by 15.6%, indicating a salt leaching, but it also raised the groundwater table giving rise to soil salinity. Therefore, to alleviate soil salinization, spring irrigation amount should be reduced, and drainage system should be improved in the region. |
| Key words: saline-alkali soil; water diversion from the Yellow River for spring irrigation; groundwater salinity; groundwater depth |
