| 引用本文: | 杨海洋,袁远,王江彦, 等.降雨强度和秸秆还田对淮河流域褐土非点源氮输出影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(3):75-82. |
| YANG Haiyang,YUAN Yuan,WANG Jiangyan, et al..降雨强度和秸秆还田对淮河流域褐土非点源氮输出影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(3):75-82. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究降雨强度和秸秆还田对氮输出的影响，为淮河流域农田非点源污染控制与管理等提供依据。【方法】以河南淮河流域典型土壤（褐土）为对象，人工模拟0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 mm/min降雨强度下径流、泥沙、氮输出负荷。【结果】降雨强度越大，相同时间段内的累积径流量、泥沙量、全氮输出量以及三者的产生速率均较大；径流中氮质量浓度在降雨初期的20 min内变化较大，具有初期冲刷效应，随后波动但最终趋于相对稳定或略有降低，平均质量浓度在未掺混秸秆时以2.0 mm/min时最大，其次为3.0 mm/min，掺混秸秆时以1.5 mm/min时最大；未掺混秸秆时氮通过泥沙输出的量占总输出量的92.8%以上，掺混秸秆时其比例降低至59.7%。秸秆还田后，低降雨强度下可减少径流与泥沙流失量，高降雨强度下增加泥沙流失量；径流中全氮质量浓度比未掺混秸秆的高，增加了氮的累积输出量。【结论】降雨强度与秸秆还田均对径流、泥沙、全氮输出等产生影响，可能存在引起全氮输出量明显变化的降雨强度，未掺混秸秆时约为1.0 mm/min，掺混秸秆时为1.5 mm/min；减少农田非点源氮输出负荷的重要途径包括控制产流初期氮流失与泥沙流失。 |
| 关键词: 非点源氮输出；人工降雨；径流；泥沙；秸秆还田 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021070 |
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| The Efficacy of Amending Soil with Straw to Reduce Nitrogen Loss from Watersheds under Different Rainfalls in Huaihe River Basin |
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YANG Haiyang, YUAN Yuan, WANG Jiangyan, et al.
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School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Nitrogen loss from terrestrial ecosystems is an environmental concern in many countries. It is affected by a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of soil amendment with straw in ameliorating nitrogen loss from watersheds in the Huaihe River basin.【Method】The experiment was conducted indoors using drab soil taken from the field. Artificial rainfall at intensity of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm/min were applied over the surface of soil amended with crop straw. Water and sediment runoffs from the soil surface, as well as nitrogen loss from both surface and subsurface runoff in each treatment were measured.【Result】Accumulative sediment runoff and nitrogen loss from the soil both increased with the rainfall intensity. The nitrogen concentration in the runoff changed more erratically in the first 20 minutes after the commencement of the rainfall, characterized by a rapid increase followed by a long tailing in all treatments. The average nitrogen concentration in the runoff measured from soil without straw amendment peaked when the rainfall intensity was 2.0 mm/min followed by 3.0 mm/min, while amending the soil with straw reduced this to 1.5 mm/min. The amount of nitrogen loss via sediment runoff accounted for 92.8% of the total loss from soil without straw amendment, and this reduced to 59.7% for soil amended by the straw. Soil amendment reduced surface runoff and sediment loss only when the rainfall intensity was low; when the rainfall intensity exceeded a threshold, soil amendment enhanced rather than reduced sediment runoff. Nitrogen concentration in the runoff was higher in soil without amendment than with amendment.【Conclusion】Amending soil with straw impacted surface runoff and loss of both sediment and nitrogen, but the effect varied with rainfall intensity. For soil without amendment, the nitrogen concentration in the runoff peaked when the rainfall intensity was 1.0 mm/min, and amending the soil with straw increased this to 1.5 mm/min. |
| Key words: nitrogen loss; rainfall intensity; surface runoff; sediment loss; soil amendment with straw |
