| 引用本文: | 贾潇倩,王 硕,房 琴,等.不同品种和灌溉模式对冬小麦耗水时空变化及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(5):8-16. |
| JIA Xiaoqian,WANG Shuo,FANG Qin,et al.不同品种和灌溉模式对冬小麦耗水时空变化及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(5):8-16. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究冬小麦品种耗水时空差异对产量的影响，为筛选抗旱型品种以提高缺水地区冬小麦产量提供理论依据。【方法】采用双因素裂区设计试验，以沧麦6002（CM6002）和衡麦4399（H4399）2个试验品种作为主处理，每个品种下设3个水分处理：全生育期不灌水（W0处理）、春季灌一水（拔节期灌水，W1处理）及春季灌二水（拔节期和开花期分别灌水，W2处理），研究了不同品种冬小麦耗水时空差异对产量的影响。【结果】CM6002品种总耗水量、土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例和H4399品种差异不显著，但阶段耗水量有较大差异。其中，播种期至拔节期，CM6002品种的土壤贮水消耗量、耗水量均高于H4399品种；拔节—开花期，CM6002品种的土壤贮水消耗量、耗水量显著低于H4399品种；开花期至成熟期，CM6002品种土壤贮水消耗量、耗水量要高于H4399品种，且在W1处理下2个品种的差异达到显著水平。W0处理下，CM6002品种的120~200 cm土层贮水的消耗量要显著高于H4399品种。W1、W2处理下，H4399品种在0~40 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著高于CM6002品种，但120~160 cm土层显著低于CM6002品种。与H4399品种相比，CM6002品种降低了花前干物质转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献率，但增加了花后干物质积累量和对籽粒的贡献率。W0、W1、W2处理下，CM6002品种产量分别较H4399品种提高了2.7%、1.3%、3.2%。【结论】减少拔节—开花期耗水，增加播种—拔节期、开花—成熟期耗水和深层土壤贮水消耗量，有利于提高冬小麦产量。沧麦6002通过调控不同生育阶段及不同土壤层次的土壤贮水量，增加了穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率，从而获得了较好的产量。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦品种；耗水特性；干物质积累量；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021606 |
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| Effects of Spatial-temporal Dynamics in Crop Water Consumption on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat |
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JIA Xiaoqian, WANG Shuo, FANG Qin, LI Ruiqi
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College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effect of water consumption of winter wheat varieties on yield was investigated to provide theoretical basis for selecting drought-resistant varieties to improve winter wheat yield in water-deficient areas. 【Method】A two-factor randomized block design was adopted, Cangmai 6002 (CM6002) and Heng 4399 (H4399) were used as the main treatments. Three water treatments were set for each variety: no irrigation in the whole growth stage (W0), spring first water (irrigation at jointing stage, W1) and spring second water (irrigation at jointing stage and anthesis stage, W2), each irrigation amount was 60.0 mm. The effects of water consumption difference in different growth stages and soil layers on winter wheat yield were studied.【Result】There was no significant difference between CM6002 and H4399 in total water consumption, soil water storage consumption and its proportion in total water consumption, but there was a great difference in water consumption at different stages. From sowing to jointing stage, soil water storage consumption and water consumption of CM6002 were higher than H4399, but there was no significant difference among varieties. From jointing to anthesis stage, CM6002 soil water storage consumption and water consumption were significantly lower than H4399. From anthesis to maturity, water storage consumption and water consumption of CM6002 were higher than those of H4399, and there were significant differences between the two cultivars under W1. Under W0, soil water storage consumption of CM6002 in 120~200 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of H4399. Under W1 and W2, soil water storage consumption of H4399 in 0~40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of CM6002, but that in 120~160 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of CM6002. Compared with H4399, CM6002 decreased the pre-anthesis dry matter mobilization, dry matter mobilization efficiency and contribution rate to grain, but increased the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and contribution rate to grain. The yield of CM6002 was 2.7%, 1.3% and 3.2% higher than that of H4399 for W0, W1 and W2, respectively.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, reducing water consumption from jointing to anthesis, increasing water consumption from sowing to jointing, anthesis to maturity and deep soil water storage consumption were beneficial to increase winter wheat yield. |
| Key words: winter wheat varieties; water consumption characteristics; dry matter accumulation; yield |
