| 引用本文: | 王 航,周青云,张宝忠.不同滴灌水量对河套灌区覆膜玉米田土壤盐分的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(5):72-83. |
| WANG Hang,ZHOU Qingyun,ZHANG Baozhong.不同滴灌水量对河套灌区覆膜玉米田土壤盐分的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(5):72-83. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究河套灌区农田膜下滴灌土壤盐分变化规律。【方法】以春玉米“金田8号”为供试作物，采用膜下滴灌灌水方式，设置灌溉定额为150 mm（F1）和120 mm（F2）2个田间试验处理，测定各处理春玉米生育期和秋浇前0~100 cm土层膜内和膜外的土壤含水率和土壤盐分，基于田间试验率定并验证了HYDRUS-2D模型，设置4个不同灌水情景：灌溉定额81 mm（W1）、灌溉定额135 mm（W2）、灌溉定额171 mm（W3）和灌溉定额204 mm（W4），模拟分析了不同灌水量下膜下滴灌农田土壤盐分变化。【结果】生育期内，F1处理0~100 cm土层盐分总量（膜内+膜外）和膜外盐分波动均小于F2处理，而F1和F2处理膜内盐分时空变化趋势基本相同；生育期结束后，F1处理和F2处理0~100 cm土层盐分总量降幅分别为50.1%和10.8%，其中膜内盐分减少量占总量减少量的百分比分别为44.7%和148.5%；秋浇前，F1处理和F2处理0~100 cm和0~60 cm土层盐分总量及膜内盐分均增大，F1处理0~100 cm土层盐分总量、膜内和膜外盐分增加量均显著小于F2处理。土壤含水率与盐分模拟值和实测值之间吻合度较好，模型可用于预测膜下滴灌条件下土壤盐分变化规律。不同灌水情景下，灌溉定额为204 mm时，灌水后0~20 cm土层土壤盐分较小且盐分开始回升时间间隔较大，灌溉定额为135 mm时，灌水后0~40 cm土层土壤盐分较大，但20~40 cm土层盐分开始回升时间间隔较大。【结论】171 mm和204 mm的滴灌水量有利于减少0~40 cm土层土壤盐分，促进膜内盐分向膜外迁移。本研究可为河套灌区农田膜下滴灌技术的推广与应用提供理论支撑和科学指导。 |
| 关键词: 盐渍化土壤；土壤水分；膜下滴灌；HYDRUS-2D |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2021468 |
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| The Effects of Drip-irrigation Amount on Soil Salinity in Film-mulched Corn Field in Hetao Irrigation District |
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WANG Hang, ZHOU Qingyun, ZHANG Baozhong
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1. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Ecological Agriculture and Water Environment Protection, Tianjin 300392, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Hetao Irrigation District is one of the largest irrigation districts in China. Its irrigation relies on Yellow River water. As the available river water for the district continually dwindles, drip irrigation has been increasingly used to improve irrigation water use efficiency. This paper is to study the impact of drip irrigation combined with mulching on dynamics of soil salt in corn fields.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with the Jintian No. 8 variety used as the model plant. It compared two drip irrigation amounts: 76 mm (F1) and 60 mm (F2), and the intra-rows were mulched with plastic film. In each treatment, we measured the changes in soil moisture and salt content at different soil depths, and the measured data were used to calibrate the HYDRUS-2D. The calibrated model was used to study the response of soil water and soil salt to other irrigation amounts: 81 mm (W1), 135 mm (W2), 171 mm (W3) and 204 mm (W4).【Result】During growth period of the corn, the total salt content in the 0~100 cm soil layer and the salt in soil outside the mulched zone were lower in F1 than in F2, while the temporal change in salt in the soil underneath the film was not distinguishable between F1 and F2. During the growth period, the time-trending of the salt in soil underneath the film was approximately the same for F1 and F2. After harvesting, F1 and F2 desalinated the 0~100 cm soil layer by 50.1% and 10.8%, respectively, of which the associated desalinization of the soil underneath the film was 44.7% and 148.5% respectively. Before the autumn irrigation, F1 and F2 increased the total salt in the 0~100 cm and 0~60 cm soil layers; F1 reduced the total salt in the 0~100 cm of soil and reduced the increase of salt in soil underside the film, compared to F2. There is a good agreement between measured and simulated water content ant soil salinity, indicating that the parameters and the model correctly capture the soil properties and water and salt flow in the soil. When the irrigation amount was 162 mm, salinity of the 0~20 cm soil was low after the irrigation and it took more time for the salt to re-accumulate in this soil layer. When the irrigation amount was reduced to 108 mm, salinity of the 0~40 cm of soil after the irrigation remained high. 【Conclusion】The drip irrigation water volume of 171 mm and 204 mm not only reduces salinity of the root zone (0 to 40 cm ), but also removes the salt from the root zone to soil outside the mulched zone - the non-root zone. Our results have practical implications for managing mulched drip-irrigated corn in Hetao Irrigation District. |
| Key words: salinized soil; soil moisture; mulched drip irrigation; HYDRUS-2D |
