| 引用本文: | 冯泉清,高 阳,李云峰,等.水盐胁迫对南疆棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(10):73-81. |
| FENG Quanqing,GAO Yang,LI Yunfeng,et al.水盐胁迫对南疆棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(10):73-81. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究南疆膜下滴灌棉田棉花对水盐胁迫的响应，进一步明确水分和盐分对棉花的作用机制。【方法】在新疆阿拉尔兵团第一师灌溉试验站开展大田试验，试验设置2个水分水平（分别为W1：22.5 mm，W2：45 mm）和3个盐分水平（分别为S1：0.2%，S2：0.4%，S3：0.6%），共6个处理，研究水盐胁迫对棉花生长指标、各生育期干物质积累量、产量及品质的影响。【结果】在水盐胁迫条件下，水分对棉花产量的形成起到了主导作用，以S1W2处理的棉花籽棉产量最高，为7 502.85 kg/hm2；水分及盐分对棉花的生长指标、地上部干物质积累量均有极显著影响，棉花吐絮期干物质积累量受水盐胁迫的影响最大，水分胁迫与盐分胁迫分别使棉花干物质量降低了52.39%和48.89%，水分及盐分对极显著影响棉花生长指标及地上部干物质积累量，灌水量在棉花产量构成中起主导作用，盐分虽然对各处理棉花干物质积累量有不同程度的抑制作用，但却能显著提高棉花收获指数。【结论】因此在无法保证灌水量的重盐碱地区可以采用W1灌水量，轻中度盐碱地不建议降低灌水量。 |
| 关键词: 棉花；南疆；膜下滴灌；水盐胁迫；产量；品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022142 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Effects of Water and Salt Stresses on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Southern Xinjiang |
|
FENG Quanqing, GAO Yang, LI Yunfeng, LIU Junming, GAO Fukui, WANG Lu, SUN Jingsheng
|
|
1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinity and water scarcity are the dominant abiotic stresses facing agricultural production in many regions across Xinjiang in China. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study on their combined effect on cotton under film-mulched drip irrigation.【Method】The experiments were conducted at the Irrigation Test Station of the First Division of Xinjiang Alar Corps. It consisted of two irrigation amounts: 22.5 mm (W1) and 45 mm (W2), and three soil salinity treatments with soil salt content at 0.2% (S1), 0.4% (S2), 0.6% (S3), respectively. In each treatment, we measured the growth index and cotton seed yield.【Result】Water was the dominant factor determining the formation of cotton yield. The yield was the highest in S1+W2, reaching 7502.85 kg/hm2. Water and salt affected cotton growth index, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and dry matter accumulation at the boll-opening stage significantly, reducing dry matter mass by 52.39% and 48.89%, respectively, compared to the CK (without water and salt stress).【Conclusion】Water and salt stresses impact cotton growth index and aboveground dry matter accumulation significantly. Irrigation amount is the dominant determinant of cotton yield composition. Although salt stress inhibits cotton dry matter accumulation, depending on salt content, it can significantly improve cotton harvest index. Our results show that W1 can be used as an improved irrigation for cotton in heavy saline alkali soils where there is no sufficient water for irrigation, while for the light to medium saline alkali soils, reducing irrigation water could result in a significant loss in seed yield. |
| Key words: cotton; Southern Xinjiang; mulched drip irrigation; water and salinity stress; yield; quality |
