| 引用本文: | 常晓敏,王少丽,管孝艳,等.湟水流域典型区农业面源污染特征解析及空间格局[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):81-88. |
| CHANG Xiaomin,WANG Shaoli,GUAN Xiaoyan,et al.湟水流域典型区农业面源污染特征解析及空间格局[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(6):81-88. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确湟水流域农业面源污染排放的时空特征及污染贡献来源。【方法】采用排污系数法估算湟水流域典型区2010—2018年总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨态氮（NH3-N）的排放量和排放强度，运用时空分析及冷热点分析揭示不同类型农业面源污染的时空演变及空间格局。【结果】从时间上看，来自畜禽养殖和农村生活源的污染排放量呈上升趋势，来自种植业源的污染排放量呈下降趋势；从污染物排放类型来看，TN、COD、NH3-N排放量增加，TP排放量减少；从空间分布上看，污染排放强度在峡门桥和金滩断面区域较小，进入新宁桥后整体较高；排放负荷贡献率为畜禽养殖业＞农村生活＞种植业，其中COD为首要污染物。从冷热点分析来看，热点区主要分布在桥头桥、新宁大通桥、西钢桥、西宁城东区，冷点区主要分布在金滩及三其桥区域，污染物排放强度整体呈增加趋势，局部地区集聚程度减弱。【结论】湟水流域农业面源污染程度及主要污染来源具有显著差异，应重点关注畜禽养殖业造成的面源污染，尤其需重视COD的减排；在重点防控区域方面，应重点关注进入新宁桥断面后的区域。研究结果可为湟水流域农业面源污染治理提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 湟水流域；农业面源污染；时空演变；冷热点分析；防控对策 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022468 |
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| Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Agriculture in the Huangshui River Basin |
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CHANG Xiaomin, WANG Shaoli, GUAN Xiaoyan, HUANG Jiasheng, JIA Haifeng, YOU Lijun
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1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
2. National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100048, China;
3. Qinghai Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xining 810001, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Huangshui River is a tributary of the Yellow River in China, located in Qinghai. Agricultural production has resulted in pollution to it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of nonpoint source pollution due to agriculture in this basin.【Method】The studied area is located at the upstream in the Xiaoxiaqiao section in the mainstream of the river. Data measured from 2010—2018 from16 sub-units in the section were used for analysis. Pollutant discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the discharge amount and intensity of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). Spatiotemporal analysis and cold-hot spot analysis were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of these pollutants.【Result】Temporally, pollutant discharge from livestock and poultry breeding and rural areas had showed an increasing trend, while those from crop farming had exhibited a decreasing trend. The discharge and intensity of TN, COD and NH3-N had increased, while TP had decreased slightly. Spatially, discharge of the four pollutants was less in Xiameng Bridge and Jintan cross-section areas, and more in the Xinning Bridge section. The contribution from different sectors to the pollution was ranked in the following order based on their significance: livestock and poultry breeding source > rural areas > farmland, with COD being the primary pollutant. Cold-hot spot analysis showed that the hot spots are mainly in Qiaotou Bridge, Xinning Datong Bridge, Xigang Bridge and the east of Xining, while the cold spots are mainly in Jintan and Sanqi Bridge. Overall, pollutant discharge had increased slightly in the basin, despite some areas having seen a decrease in pollution. Prevention and control of the pollutants should focus on reducing discharge from livestock and poultry breeding industry, especially COD, and reducing discharge of the pollutants into the Xinningqiao Section.【Conclusion】Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture in Huangshui basin varied spatiotemporally, and the main contributors to the pollution are livestock and poultry breeding sector. Reducing and mitigating their discharge is hence essential to ameliorate pollution of the basin. |
| Key words: Huangshui River Basin; agricultural non-point source pollution; temporal and spatial evolution; cold and hot spot analysis; prevention and control countermeasures |
