| 引用本文: | 周小杰,吕廷波,邢 猛,等.水肥耦合对滴灌骏枣产量及果品等级的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(7):45-51. |
| ZHOU Xiaojie,LYU Tingbo,XING Meng,et al.水肥耦合对滴灌骏枣产量及果品等级的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(7):45-51. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索南疆滴灌骏枣的产量及骏枣等级比例对水肥耦合的响应规律，为当地骏枣生产提供节水节肥优质的水肥配比模式。【方法】研究对象为南疆典型自压灌区昆玉市224团10 a成龄骏枣，参考当地生产实践，以灌水量770 mm、施肥量1 125 kg/hm2为对照，采用水（W1：540 mm，W2：630 mm，W3：720 mm）、肥（F1：562.5 kg/hm2，F2：810 kg/hm2，F3：1 080 kg/hm2）双因素三水平试验，运用二元回归方程及归一化处理方法。【结果】灌水量对灌溉水分利用效率（IWUE）和骏枣单果质量、纵横径、等级比例影响均达到显著性水平(P＜0.05），对产量影响达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。施肥量对骏枣等级比例影响达到显著性水平（P＜0.05)，对肥料偏生产力（PFP)、单果质量、纵横径影响达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。水肥交互作用对骏枣产量、IWUE、PFP、骏枣等级比例（除四级果率外）影响均达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。骏枣产量、IWUE均为W2F3处理最高，与CK具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。骏枣单果质量、纵横径为W2F2处理最优。骏枣特级、一级、三级与四级果率均为W2F2处理最优，W2F2处理除了在一级果率中与W2F3处理差异不显著，其余等级果率均具有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。【结论】适宜水肥配比量是提高骏枣产量、外观品质、果品等级比例的关键因素。通过分析不同水肥配比与产量、骏枣等级比例数学模型，综合考虑骏枣提质增效目标，提出适宜水肥配比区间为灌水量（639.21~642.85 mm），施肥量（N 374.38~384.02 kg/hm2、P2O5 187.19~192.01 kg/hm2、K2O 280.79~288.02 kg/hm2）。 |
| 关键词: 骏枣；滴灌；水肥配比；产量；果品等级；骏枣等级比例 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022685 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Combined Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Fruits of Chinese Date |
|
ZHOU Xiaojie, LYU Tingbo, XING Meng, SONG Renyou, FU Xinfa
|
|
1. School of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps, Shihezi 832000, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Jujube (Chinese date) is an important cash crop in southern Xinjiang but its production relies on irrigation and fertilization due to the limited rainfall in this region. This paper aims to investigate the combined effect of irrigation and fertilization on yield and quality of jujube fruits in attempts to find an optimal irrigation-fertilization combination for jujube production in this region.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in a 10-year-old orchard in the 224 Regiment of Kunyu City; it is a typical self-pressurized irrigation area in southern Xinjiang. The experiment had three irrigation treatments: irrigating 540 mm (W1), 630 mm (W2) and 720 mm (W2) of water. Each treatment had three fertilizations: 562.5 kg/hm2 (F1), 810 kg/hm2 (F2) and 1 080 kg/hm2 (F3). The control was fertigation used by local growers: irrigating 770 mm of water and applying 1 125 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer (CK). In each treatment, we measured fruit yield and quality.【Result】Irrigation amount affected irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), single-fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters and quality of the fruits, all at significant levels (P<0.05). Fertilization impacted fruit quality significantly with P<0.05, fertilizer partial productivity (PFP), single fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruits significantly with P<0.01. The combined effect of irrigation and fertilization on yield, IWUE, PFP, and fruit quality was significant with P<0.01. The highest yield and IWUE appeared in W2+F3, which differed significantly from those in CK (P<0.05). W2+F2 gave the best fruit quality-measured in single fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruits. W2+F2 and W2+F3 did not show significant difference in fruit quality, except for the numbers of top-graded fruits. 【Conclusion】 An optimal combination of irrigation and fertilization can improve yield, appearance quality and grade ratio of the jujube fruits. Comprehensive analysis considering both fruit quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency indicated that the optimal irrigation and fertilization for the jujube was to irrigate 639.21~642.85 mm of water, and fertilize 374.38~384.02 kg/hm2 of N, 87.19~192.01 kg/hm2 of P2O5, and 280.79~288.02 kg/hm2 of K2O. |
| Key words: Junzao; drip irrigation; water and fertilizer ratio; yield; fruit grade; Junzao grade ratio |
