| 引用本文: | 张玉洁,王 宁,杨 彬,等.不同颜色地膜覆盖对盐碱地水热盐状况及向日葵产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(11):1-10. |
| ZHANG Yujie,WANG Ning,YANG Bin,et al.不同颜色地膜覆盖对盐碱地水热盐状况及向日葵产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(11):1-10. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同颜色地膜覆盖对盐碱地土壤水热盐环境及向日葵产量的影响，探究影响盐分运移的机理。【方法】2021年在内蒙古河套灌区开展了向日葵种植试验，设置黑色地膜覆盖（BM）、透明地膜覆盖（TM）和不覆膜（NM）3种处理，通过测量向日葵生育期内的土壤温度、含水率及全盐量，探究不同覆膜处理对盐碱地土壤温度变化、水盐运移特点和向日葵产量的影响。【结果】与NM处理相比，TM处理和BM处理向日葵苗期和现蕾期0~15 cm土层的土壤温度显著提高，分别提高了5.3~9.0 ℃（P＜0.05）和2.9~5.8 ℃（苗期P＜0.05），BM处理比TM处理低1.25~3.45 ℃（P＞0.05），开花期BM处理比TM处理低4.25~5.25 ℃(P＜0.05)；在土壤基质势接近-20 kPa时，0~20 cm土层土壤含水率BM处理和TM处理分别比NM处理高21.3%(P＜0.05)和10.6%(P＞0.05)，BM处理比TM处理高9.8%(P＞0.05)；整个生育期0~10 cm土层土壤全盐量BM处理和TM处理分别比NM处理低51.6%~81.7%(P＜0.05)和28.9%~80.5%(P＜0.05)，BM处理比TM处理低4.1%~36.2%(P＞0.05)。覆膜可以显著提高向日葵产量和水分利用效率，BM、TM处理产量分别比NM处理高51.8%、50.1%(P＜0.05)，水分利用效率提高49.7%、48.9%(P＜0.05)。黑膜对土壤水盐量、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响效果均好于透明膜，但差异不显著。【结论】2种覆膜处理均能显著增加土壤水分，减少盐分在土壤表层积聚，提高向日葵的产量和水分利用效率；黑膜与透明膜覆盖处理下土壤温度效应不同，黑膜比透明膜能保持更多土壤水分，降低表层土壤全盐量，黑膜覆盖更适合盐碱地控盐增产。 |
| 关键词: 覆膜；盐碱地；盐分；温度；向日葵 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2022618 |
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| Effects of Plastic Mulch Film Color on Moisture-heat-salt and Water Use Efficiency of Sunflower in Saline-alkali Land |
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ZHANG Yujie, WANG Ning, YANG Bin, WANG Fengxin
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1. China Agricultural University, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Beijing Water Planning Institute, Beijing 100048, China;
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Utilization of plastic-film mulching is a widespread practice in regions with limited water resources. However, the impact of mulch film color on soil thermal condition, moisture level, salinity, as well as their implications for crop growth in saline-alkali soil remains elusive. This paper aims to bridge this knowledge gap through experimental investigation.【Method】The field experiment was carried out a sunflower field in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia with three treatments: black plastic film (BM), transparent plastic film (TM); no-mulching was taken as the control (CK).【Result】Both BM and TM mulching films significantly increased the temperature of the 0~15 cm soil layer at the seedling and budding stages of the sunflower by 2.9~5.8 ℃and 5.3~9.0 ℃, respectively. When the soil water matric potential was close to -20 kPa, BM and TM mulching increased the soil moisture content in the 0~20 cm soil layer by 21.3% and 10.6%, respectively, over the CK. Compared to CK, BM and TM mulching reduced soil salinity in the 0~10 cm soil layer by 51.6%~81.7% and 28.9%~80.5%, respectively, over the whole growing season; they also increased the seed yield by 51.8% and 50.1%, and water use efficiency by 49.7% and 48.9%, respectively. Black film mulching affected soil moisture, salt content and crop yield slightly more than the transparent film mulching, but the differences were not significant.【Conclusion】Compared with CK, black and transparent film mulching both improved soil moisture in the root zone and reduced salt accumulation in the soil surface, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency of the sunflower. Black film mulching worked slightly better than transparent film mulching though no significant difference was found between them. |
| Key words: film; saline-alkali soil; salinity; temperature; sunflower |
