| 引用本文: | 周罕觅,孙旗立,牛晓丽,等.滴灌节水减氮对苹果幼树生长与光合特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(11):49-57. |
| ZHOU Hanmi,SUN Qili,NIU Xiaoli,et al.滴灌节水减氮对苹果幼树生长与光合特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(11):49-57. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探寻北方半干旱地区滴灌条件下适宜苹果幼树生长的最佳节水减氮水肥管理制度。【方法】设置灌水量与施肥量2个因素。其中，灌水量设置3个水平，分别维持土壤含水率占田间持水率的比例为75%~90%（W1）、60%~75%（W2）、45%~60%（W3）；施肥量设置4个水平，N-P2O5-K2O施用量分别为18-12-6 g/株（F1）、15-12-6 g/株（F2）、12-12-6 g/株（F3）、9-12-6 g/株（F4），分析不同灌水量与施肥量对苹果幼树生长和光合特征的影响。【结果】2 a试验中，不同水肥调控下苹果幼树各生育期植株生长量、基茎生长量和叶面积最大值基本均出现在F2W2处理，轻度水分亏缺与适当降低施肥量有利于苹果幼树生长。苹果幼树叶片叶绿素相对量（SPAD）在萌芽开花期开始增加，在其他生育期均表现为F1施肥水平＞F2施肥水平＞F3施肥水平＞F4施肥水平，在坐果膨大期和成熟期均表现为W1灌水水平＞W2灌水水平＞W3灌水水平，2 a试验中最大值均出现在F1W1处理。Pn和Tr基本上随施肥量和灌水量的增加而增加，最大的水分利用效率分别出现在F1W2处理和F2W2处理，分别相比F1W1处理提高了8.6%和5.3%。苹果幼树植株生长量、叶面积、SPAD及光合指标之间均具有较好的相关性。【结论】本试验条件下，F2W2处理是苹果幼树种植的最佳水肥管理制度，可为北方半干旱区滴灌条件下的苹果幼树节水减氮研究提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌；节水减氮；生长特征；光合特征；苹果幼树 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023211 |
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| Effect of Saving-water Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Reduction on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Young Apple Tree |
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ZHOU Hanmi, SUN Qili, NIU Xiaoli, CHEN Jiageng, MA Linshuang, SU Yumin, LI Jichen
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College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Reducing water and fertilizer application is critical to developing sustainable agriculture worldwide. This paper investigates the optimal water-saving drip irrigation and nitrogen-reducing fertilization for cultivation of young apple in arid and semi-arid regions in northwestern China.【Method】The two-year experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments by keeping soil water content at 75%~90% (W1), 60%~75% (W2) and 45%~60% (W3) of the field capacity. For each treatment, there were four fertilizations by applying N-P2O5-K2O to each plant at 18-12-6 g (F1), 15-12-6 g (F2), 12-12-6 g (F3), and 9-12-6 g (F4). For each treatment, we measured the growth, photosynthetic traits, and water use efficiency of the trees.【Result】F2+W2 combination gave the highest plant growth, basal stem growth, and leaf area, demonstrating that a moderate water deficit and fertilization reduction was beneficial to the tree growth. Leaf SPAD started to increase from the budding and flowering stage, with the impact of fertilization on it ranked in the order of F1 > F2 > F3 > F4, and the influence of irrigation ranked in the order of W1 > W2 > W3 at the fruit-set and ripening stages. The F1+W1 combination gave the highest leaf SPAD. Photosynthesis and transpiration increased with the increase in fertilization and irrigation amount. Maximum water use efficiency was achieved in F1+W2 and F2+W2, with its value being 5.16 and 4.81 μmol/mmol, respectively, which were 8.6% and 5.3% more than those in F1+W1. Irrigation amount affected tree growth more than fertilization, and strong correlations were found between growth, leaf area, SPAD, and photosynthetic traits of the trees.【Conclusion】The comparative results show that F2+W2 is optimal for young apple tree under drip irrigation. It indicates that a moderate reduction in irrigation and fertilization did not result in a noticeable effect on tree growth and can be used as an improved agronomic practice for apple production in arid and semi-arid regions in Northern China and areas with similar climates. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; water saving and nitrogen reducing; growth characteristics; physiological characteristics; young apple trees |
