| 引用本文: | 郭淑豪,王 军,佟长福,等.交替灌溉对地下水浅埋区水盐分布和玉米生育指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(12):36-43. |
| GUO Shuhao,WANG Jun,TONG Changfu,et al.交替灌溉对地下水浅埋区水盐分布和玉米生育指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2023,42(12):36-43. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究盐渍化耕地、地下水浅埋地区合理利用当地丰富咸水资源适宜的玉米灌溉方式。【方法】于2022年5—10月在鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗试验地开展玉米大田试验，研究T1（全咸水）、T2（“咸咸淡”交替）、T3（“咸淡”交替）和CK（全淡水）4种灌溉处理对土壤水盐分布、作物生长及产量的影响。【结果】交替灌溉对土壤水分、盐分有较大的影响，需水关键期T3处理根系吸水作用最明显，其0~40 cm土层的土壤平均含水率比其他处理低0.75%~1.3%，40~100 cm土层土壤含水率比其余处理高2.02%~3.71%；灌浆期T2、T3处理低盐区面积占比分别为58.45%、63.98%。虽然交替灌溉导致作物减产10%~13%，但较CK节约淡水资源33%~50%。T3处理的作物相对产量为90.26%，水分利用效率比T1处理高23.2%，比CK低7.2%。【结论】地下水在生育期的补给量占玉米生育期耗水量的21.74%~25.55%。“咸淡”交替灌溉可节约淡水资源，有效降低土壤含盐量，提高水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 交替灌溉；浅埋地下水；水盐分布；水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023244 |
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| Influence of Alternating Freshwater and Saline Water Irrigation on Water-salt Distribution and Maize Yield in Shallow Groundwater Regions |
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GUO Shuhao, WANG Jun, TONG Changfu, ZHANG Yuehong, ZHEN Zhixin, HE Rui, LI Xianyue
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1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Hohhot 010018, China;
2. Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Many arid and semiarid regions in North and Northwest of China are poor in freshwater but have saline groundwater. Efficient utilization of these saline waters is crucial for agricultural sustainability. This study seeks to experimentally identify the optimal alternation of freshwater and saline water for irrigating arable crops in areas with shallow groundwater.【Method】The experiment was conducted at a maize field from May to October in 2022 at an experimental site in Darat Banner, Erdos. It compared four irrigations: irrigating with saline water only (T1), irrigating with saline water twice followed by a freshwater irrigation (T2), irrigating with saline water once followed by one freshwater irrigation (T3), irrigating with freshwater only (CK). In each treatment, we measured water and salt distribution in the soil, as well as grain yield of the maize.【Result】Alternate irrigation significantly influenced soil moisture and salinity. T3 considerably increased root water uptake during the critical growth stage of the crop, manifested by the 0.75% to 1.3% reduction in water content in the 0~40 cm soil layer, and 2.02% to 3.71% increase in water content in the 40~100 cm soil layer. During the irrigation period, there were 58.45% and 63.98% of soils salinized in T2 and T3, respectively. Compared to CK, alternate irrigation reduced crop yield by 10% to 13%, but saved 33% to 50% of freshwater. Grain yield and water use efficiency of T3 were 90.26% and 23.2% higher than that of T1, respectively, despite its 7.2% reduction in grain yield compared to CK. Groundwater recharge during the reproductive period accounted for 21.74% to 25.55% of the water consumed by the maize.【Conclusion】Considering the effect of alternate irrigation on distribution of water and salt in soil, as well as the growth and water consumption of the maize, the most suitable irrigation method for maize in the saline soil is alternating saline water and freshwater(T3). |
| Key words: alternating irrigation; shallow groundwater; water-salt distribution; water use efficiency |
