| 引用本文: | 宋子凡,吴凤平,王 辉,等.增氧与补肥对洞庭湖区旱涝急转下水稻减产规律的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(5):22-29. |
| SONG Zifan,WU Fengping,WANG Hui,et al.增氧与补肥对洞庭湖区旱涝急转下水稻减产规律的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(5):22-29. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】阐明增氧和补肥对旱涝急转条件下水稻产量的影响。【方法】基于桶栽试验，以当地广泛种植的晚稻品种（野湘优航1573）为供试材料，设置干旱（X1，土壤含水率占田间持水率百分比）、淹涝（X2，淹没植株的高度）、增氧（X3，灌溉水溶氧量）、补肥（X4，复合肥施用量）4个因素，以当地农户水肥管理（CK）和单一旱涝急转处理（DF）为对照，采用二次饱和D-最优设计建立了四因素与产量的二次回归模型，研究了4个因素对水稻产量影响的主效应、单因素效应、交互效应及最优方案。【结果】影响水稻产量的主效应排序依次为：淹涝>增氧>补肥>干旱；交互效应强弱依次为：增氧-补肥?干旱-增氧?干旱-淹涝?干旱-补肥?淹涝-增氧?淹涝-补肥，轻旱有利于发挥增氧和补肥措施的减损效果，重度干旱与重度淹涝对水稻具有叠加减产作用。水稻产量随干旱和补肥水平的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势，随淹涝程度增加总体呈下降趋势，随增氧水平增加总体呈上升趋势。基于模型寻优得到了不同目标产量下的各因素最佳组合方案，与CK相比，增氧和补肥条件下的水稻产量平均降低了39.47%，而DF处理下的水稻产量平均降低了49.01%。【结论】4个因素与产量的二次回归模型具有良好的拟合效果（R2=0.978，F=118.55，P<0.01），可为洞庭湖区水稻应对旱涝急转灾害提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 旱涝急转；水稻产量；增氧；补肥；交互作用 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps. 2023415 |
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| Efficacy of oxygenation and fertilization in ameliorating rice yield reduction due to rapid shift from drought to flooding in Dongting Lake area |
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SONG Zifan, WU Fengping, WANG Hui, LI Xiaodong, HE Cuihua, OUYANG Zan
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1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2. Hunan Provincial Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Planning Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Prolonged drought followed by flooding is a phenomenon facing rice production in southern China. This paper investigates the efficacy of fertilization and oxygenation in mitigating rice yield reduction induced by a rapid shift from drought to flooding.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in pots, with the locally grown late rice variety Yexiangyouhang 1 573 used as the model plant. The severity of drought was mimicked by controlling the soil water content at a percentage of the field capacity, and the flooding was mimicked by keeping a water level on the soil surface; oxygenation was to dissolve oxygen into the irrigation water. Conventional irrigation and fertilization used locally was taken as the control. All treatments considered a single shift from drought to flooding, and they differed only in drought and flooding severity. A quadratic regression model was used to describe the relationship between rice yield and the four factors, with model coefficients being estimated by the quadratic saturated D-optimal design. 【Result】① The effect of a single factor on the rice yield was ranked in the order of: flooding > oxygenation > fertilization > drought. The two-factor effect on the rice yield was ranked in the order of: oxygenation -fertilization > drought-oxygenation > drought-flooding > drought-fertilization > flooding-oxygenation > flooding-fertilization. A light drought can improve the efficacy of oxygenation and fertilization in mitigating the yield reduction, but severe drought and flooding substantially reduced the rice yield. ② With the increase in drought and fertilization, rice yield increased first and then declined; increasing flooding severity led to a yield reduction; increasing oxygenation increased yield. ③ Optimization calculation showed, compared to the CK, oxygenation and fertilization can ameliorate the yield reduction to 39.47% on average, compared with the average yield reduction of 49.01% without fertilization and oxygenation.【Conclusion】The proposed model accurately describes the effect of drought, flooding, fertilization and oxygenation on rice yield, with R2=0.978, F=118.55 and P<0.01. It can be used to assess the efficacy of different methods for mitigating rice yield reduction caused by a rapid shift from drought to flooding under different conditions in the Dongting Lake area. |
| Key words: rapid changes in drought and flood; rice yield; oxygen; fertilizer; interaction |
