| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明宁夏银北地区不同耐盐碱水稻品种对灌水定额响应特征。【方法】以宁夏银北地区大面积推广的2个耐盐碱水稻品种：宁粳56号（NJ56）和吉粳105号（JJ105）为研究对象，设置4个灌水定额分配方式：W1（出苗前期3 000 m3/hm2、苗期1050 m3/hm2、分蘖期1 800 m3/hm2、拔节期2 100 m3/hm2、抽穗期1 350 m3/hm2、灌浆期900 m3/hm2）、W2（出苗前期2 700 m3/hm2、苗期1 650 m3/hm2、分蘖期1 200 m3/hm2、拔节期1 500 m3/hm2、抽穗期1 800 m3/hm2、灌浆期1 350 m3/m2）、W3（出苗前期2 400 m3/hm2、苗期1 800 m3/hm2、分蘖期1 050 m3/hm2、拔节期1 800 m3/hm2、抽穗期1 050 m3/hm2、灌浆期2 100 m3/hm2）、W4（出苗前期2 100 m3/hm2、苗期1 500 m3/hm2、分蘖期2 100 m3/hm2、拔节期1 350 m3/hm2、抽穗期500 m3/hm2、灌浆期1 650 m3/hm2），研究灌水定额分配方式对宁夏银北地区耐盐碱水稻生长、产量及品质的影响，并进行综合评价得出最佳灌水定额和耐盐高产水稻品种。【结果】①吉粳150号水稻W1处理下的垩白粒率和垩白度最高，分别达到68.67%和19.30%，W2处理下水稻出苗率较高，达到84.47%，W3处理下精米率、蛋白质量、胶稠度最高，分别达到81.76%、9.40%、9.13。②宁粳56号水稻W1处理下水稻分蘖成穗率、实际产量、灌水利用效率、含水率、直链淀粉量均最高，分别达到75.67%、10 388.78 kg/hm2、101.85%、10.50%、20.07%，W3处理下千粒质量最高，达到24.83 g，W4处理水稻穗长和单穗粒质量最高，分别达到21.35 cm和2.81 g，宁粳56号水稻和吉粳105号水稻的W4处理碱消值同时达到7。【结论】最佳灌水量为W4（出苗前期2 100 m3/hm2、苗期1 500 m3/hm2、分蘖期2 100 m3/hm2、拔节期1 350 m3/hm2、抽穗期1 500 m3/hm2、灌浆期1 650 m3/hm2），最佳宁粳56号水稻，是宁夏盐碱地治理节水抑盐调控效果较好的灌溉技术。 |
| 关键词: 灌水定额；耐盐碱水稻；旱直播；生育特征；综合评价 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2024002 |
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| Effect of irrigation schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice |
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LIU Yunpeng, YANG Zhenghu, MA Donghai, ZHANG Zhi, ZHANG Bangyan, BAI Xiaolong,
ZHANG En, ZHANG Chaohui, WU Jinmin, ZHANG Zhenzhong, WANG Bin
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1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Tsinghua University-Ningxia Yinchuan Joint Research Institute of Digital Water Control, Yinchuan 750021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Soil salinity and alkalinity is the main soil stress facing crop production in Northwestern China. Developing crop varieties resistant to salinity and alkalinity is a way to developing sustainable agriculture in this region. This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of irrigation amount and schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice in Northern Yinchuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.【Method】The experiments used Ningjing 56 (NJ56) and Jijing 105 (JJ105) – two saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties commonly grown in this region – as model plants. There were four irrigation treatments (W1-W4). The irrigation amount for W1-W4 was: 3 000, 2 700, 2 400 m3/hm2 and 2 100 m3/hm2 before seedling emergence; 1 050, 1 650, 1 800 m3/hm2 and 1 500 m3/hm2 at the seedling stage; 1 800, 1 200, 1 050 m3/hm2 and 2 100 m3/hm2 at the tillering stage, 2 100, 1 500, 1 800 m3/hm2 and 1 350 m3/hm2 at the jointing stage; 1 350, 1 800, 1 050 m3/hm2 and 500 m3/hm2 at the heading stage; 900, 1350, 2 100 m3/hm2 and 1 650 m3/hm2 at grain filling stage, respectively. The effect of each irrigation treatment on growth, yield and quality of the rice were measured in the experiment, from which we calculated the optimal irrigation for each rice variety.【Result】 ① For JJ105, the percentage of chalky grain and the degree of chalkiness were the highest in W1, reaching 68.67% and 19.30%, respectively; the seedling emergence was the highest in W2, reaching 84.47%. W3 gave the highest milling rate, protein content and gel consistency, reaching 81.76%, 9.40%, 9.13, respectively. ② For NJ56, W1 gave the highest tillering and panicle formation rate, grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and water and amylose content in the grains, reaching 75.67%, 10 388.78 kg/hm2, 101.85%, 10.50% and 20.07%, respectively; the 1000-grain weight was the highest in W3, reaching 24.83 g; W4 gave the highest spike length, and grain weight per spike, reaching 21.35 cm and 2.81 g, respectively; the alkali elimination value in W4 was 7 for the two varieties.【Conclusion】There were significant differences between the two varieties in their response to irrigation treatments. Overall, NJ56 grew better and the associated optimal irrigation for it is W4. |
| Key words: irrigation quota; saline-alkali tolerant rice; direct seeding rice; fertility characteristics; comprehensive evaluation |
