| 引用本文: | 龙立军,郑国玉,李朝阳,等.焉耆盆地农田排盐暗管布设参数研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(8):103-112. |
| LONG Lijun,ZHENG Guoyu,LI Zhaoyang,et al.焉耆盆地农田排盐暗管布设参数研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(8):103-112. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究焉耆盆地典型绿洲农田排盐暗管模式下，布设参数中影响土壤排盐效果的显著因素。【方法】设置不同暗管埋深（1.2、1.5 m）与间距（20、30、40 m），开展排盐试验，结合极差和方差分析方法，研究淋洗前后土壤剖面的水盐变化规律和暗管排水排盐量差异。【结果】①暗管排水过程中，田间持水率状态土壤经淋洗后能迅速达到饱和状态且位于暗管上方的土层能够排出土壤多余水分，土壤含水率与暗管布设参数未呈显著性关系；②在0~60 cm土壤深度内，土壤脱盐率与间距、埋深及组合有显著交互作用，暗管间距与埋深组合与单因素间距相比对脱盐率影响更显著。相同暗管间距下：暗管埋深越深，0~60 cm内的土壤脱盐率越高；相同暗管埋深下：当暗管间距为30 m时，0~60 cm内的土壤脱盐率最高，与20 m、40 m间距有显著差异（P?0.05）；③在排水阶段初期，各处理暗管的排水和排盐量呈现快速增长后逐渐稳定趋势，暗管排水的电导率较为稳定，与土壤剖面的含盐量呈正相关关系。暗管埋深对累积排水和排盐量有显著性影响（P?0.05），间距对其无显著性影响（P?0.05），相较1.2 m深度，1.5 m埋深能有效提升排水效率，加速排出土壤盐分。【结论】在考虑最大脱盐率的情况下，建议将暗管埋深设为1.5 m，间距设为30 m，作为焉耆盆地农田暗管布设的参考。 |
| 关键词: 排水；土壤水分；盐分；脱盐率；暗管间距；暗管埋深；盐碱地治理 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2023486 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Optimal depth and spacing of subsurface drains for soil desalination in Yanqi basin farmlands |
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LONG Lijun, ZHENG Guoyu, LI Zhaoyang, SHI Lei, LI Yunxia, YANG Guojiang
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1. College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China;
2. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsurface drain is a drainage system widely used in northwestern China to keep the groundwater below the critical depth and facilitate soil salt leaching. This paper presents an experimental study on the combined effect of drain depth and spacing on soil salt leaching in a representative oasis in Yanqi Basin. 【Method】The drains were buried at the depth of 1.2 or 1.5 m, with the spacing being 20, 30 or 40 m. Overall, there were six treatments. For each treatment, we measured the spatial changes in soil salt contents before and after the leaching, which were then used to analyze the variation in salt leaching efficiency between different treatments.【Result】① When initial soil moisture was at the field capacity, leaching could quickly saturated the soil and displace the water in the soil above the drains. There were no significant correlations between soil moisture content and the depth and spacing of the drains. ② Salt leaching from the top 0-60 cm soil layer was significantly related to the depth and spacing of the drains. The spacing and depth of the drains combined to affect soil salt removal rate. When the spacing was the same, increasing the burial depth of the drains enhanced salt removal from the 0-60 cm soil layer; when the burial depth of the drains was the same, salt removal rate from the 0-60 cm soil layer was the highest when the spacing was 30 cm (P<0.05). ③ As the leaching elapsed, both cumulative water drainage and soil salt leaching increased steadily and then tended to flatten; the electrical conductivity of the drainage water was relatively stable, correlating positively to soil salt content. The cumulative water drainage and leached salt were impacted significantly by the burial depth of the drains (P<0.05) but insignificantly by the drain spacing (P>0.05). Compared to the burial depth of 1.2 m, the burial depth of 1.5 m considerably improved the drainage efficiency and accelerated soil salt removal.【Conclusion】For maximum soil salt removal rate, the optimal depth and spacing of the subsurface drains for the study area was 1.5 m and 30 m, respectively. |
| Key words: drainage; soil moisture; salinity; desalination rate; spacing of subsurface drainage pipe; depth of subsurface drainage pipe; saline-alkali land treatment |
